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315 - anatomy > lecture 5: back and neck muscles > Flashcards

lecture 5: back and neck muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what is the innervation of the extrinsic back muscles

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves

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2
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the back known as

A

extrinsic

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3
Q

what is the primary finction of the extrinsic muscles

A

moveement of the upper limb

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4
Q

true of false: extrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion on the vertbral colm

A

false, they control the upper limb therefore insert there

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5
Q

where are theattachement sites for the intrinsic uscles od the back

A

vertebra or ribs

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6
Q

what is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles of the back

A

movement and support of the vertbereal collumn

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7
Q

what is the innervation of thee intrisinc back muslces

A

posterior rami of the spinal nerves

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8
Q

true eor false: extrinsic back muscles aree innervated by thee posterior rami of spinal nervese

A

falsee, the anterior rami

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9
Q

what is the muscles in the first layer of the extrinsic muscles

A

lat dorsi
traps

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10
Q

what are the muscles in the 2nd latter of the extrinsic muscles

A

levator scap
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major

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11
Q

what are the muscles in the 3rd latter of the extrinsic muscles

A

serratus posterior inf and sup

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12
Q

what are the muscles in the intermediate later of the inttrinsics

A

inlliocostalis
longisimus
spinalis

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13
Q

what are the deeep muscles of the intrinsics

A

semispinalis
multifidus
rootatores

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14
Q

what are the superior and posterior muscle of the neck

A

splenius

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15
Q

what ar ethe deep psotereior muscles of the neck

A

rectus capitus posterior
obliquus capitus

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16
Q

what is the superior antreior nck muscles

A

SCm

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17
Q

what are the deep anterior muscles of the neck

A

rectus capitus anterior
rectus capitus laterialis
longus colli
scalenes (aint,post, middle)

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18
Q

what is the translation for lat dorsi

A

broadest of the back

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19
Q

what is the origon of lat dorsi

A

T7-T12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, ilium

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20
Q

what is the insertion of the lat dorsi

A

intertubercular groove of humerus

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21
Q

true or false: lat dorsi is the most superficial layer of the extrinsic back

A

true

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22
Q

what is the function of latt dorsi

A

fuction is primary at the ARM but in the back

Bilateral function: spine extension
Unilateral function: ipsilateral (same side), lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

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23
Q

what is the inenrvation of the lat dorsi

A

thoracodorsal n (c6-c8)

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24
Q

true or fals: lat dorsi is a back muscle, but synergistt of the arm muscles

A

false, opposite
limb muscle but synneregist of other black muscles

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25
Q

what is te bilatrail function of lat dorsi

A

spine extension

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26
Q

what is the unilateral fucntion of the lat dorsi

A

ipsilateral lateral. fleexeion of th lumbar spine

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27
Q

true or false: lat dorsi acting unilaterally can do lateral flexion of the ceervical spine

A

false, the limbar spone

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28
Q

what is the shape of the trap

A

diamond shaped

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29
Q

what is the orgin on trap

A

bck of thee skull, spinous processes c7-t12, lig nuc.

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30
Q

what is the inseertion of the trap

A

scapula (spine, acrominon and clav)

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31
Q

what tis the functiton of the trap with a fixed scapular

A

bilaterial :neck extension
unilateral: ipsilateral,=: lateral. flexion…… contralateral: rotation of the cervical spine

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32
Q

what is the innervation of the trap

A

accessor.y spinal nereve

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33
Q

true of false: trap is synnergist of the back muscles

A

true

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34
Q

what is the bilaterial function of the traps

A

neck extension

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35
Q

what is the unilateral fucntion of thee traps

A

ipsilat: lateeral flexion
contrallat: rotation of the cervical spine

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36
Q

true or false: traps are innervated by thoradosoral n

A

false, accessory spinal

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37
Q

what is the origin of the lev scap

A

cervical spine

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38
Q

what is the insertion of the lev scap

A

superior/medial borer of the scapla

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39
Q

what is the 2nd layer of tthe extrinsic muscles of tthe back

A

levator scap and rhombs

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40
Q

what is the primary function of lev scap

A

eleventaion/movementt of the scapula

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41
Q

what is the unilateral function of thee lev scap.

A

ipsilateral, lateral flexion if. cervical soine

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42
Q

what is the bilateral function of thee lev scap.

A

extension of cervical spine

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43
Q

what is the innervation of the lev scap

A

c3-c5

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44
Q

what is the origon of the rhomboids

A

cervical and thoracic spine

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45
Q

what is the insertion of the rhombs

A

infreomedial border of the scapula

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46
Q

what is the function of the rhombs in tthe back

A

none in the back

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47
Q

what is the function of the rhombs

A

none in the back, but movement of the scapula

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48
Q

what is the innervation of the rhomboids

A

dorsal scapular

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49
Q

what is the origin of the serratus posterior superior

A

nuchal lig, SP of c7-T4

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50
Q

what is the insertion of the serrattus posterior superior

A

superior border of ribs 1-4

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51
Q

function of serratus posterior sup

A

elevation of upper ribs

52
Q

what is the innervation of the serratus posteeruor sup

A

t2-t5 (anterior rami(

53
Q

what is the origin of the serrattus posterior infereior

A

thoracolumbar fascia and SP of T11-T12

54
Q

what is the insertion of thee serratus posterior infeerior

A

infereior border of ribs (8/9)-12

55
Q

what is the function of the serratus psoterior inferior

A

depression of the lower ribs

56
Q

wha tis the innervation of the serrattus posterior infeerior

A

t9-t12 (anterior rami)

57
Q

what are some accessory muscles of respiration

A

serratus posterior inferior and superior
Scalenes

58
Q

what are the 3 muscles part of the erector spinae group

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

59
Q

what are the erector spinea muscles from lateral tto medial

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

60
Q

wjat are the orogins of the erector spinae

A

sacrum/illium, spinous processes

61
Q

whatt is the insertions of the erector spnae

A

ribs (I/L), transverse processses (L) and spinous processes (S)

62
Q

what is the insertiton of the iliocostalis

63
Q

what is th einsertion for longissimus

A

ribs and tranverse processes

64
Q

what is the insertiton for spinalis

A

Spinous processes

65
Q

what is the bilateral fucntion of the erector spinee

A

extension of the spine

66
Q

what is the unilateral function of the erecttor spinea

A

lateral flexion of the spine (esp illio)(

67
Q

which muscle out of the erector spinae is most responsible for the lateral flexion of the spine

A

illeicostalis

68
Q

what is the reason that illeocostalis is most responsible for ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine

A

beacuse the lever arm at the spine is longer than the other 2 therefore it generates more torque

69
Q

what is the inenrvation of the erector spinae muscle

A

posterior/dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves

70
Q

the semispinalis, the multifidus and the rotatores make up what group

A

transversospinal group

71
Q

true or false, semispinalis has 3 divisions: cervisis, capitis and thorasis

72
Q

what is the function of the capitus part of the semispinalis

A

some extension of the haed

73
Q

where is the multifius most present

A

in the lumbar region

74
Q

where is the orgin of the transversospinal group

A

transveres processes

75
Q

what is the insertion of the transversospinal group

A

spinousprocesses

76
Q

what is the bilateral function of the transversospinal group

A

extension of the spine

77
Q

what is the unilateral fucntion of the transversospinalis group

A

unilateral contralateral rotation of the spine

78
Q

what is the innervaiton of the transversospinalis group

A

posterior rami

79
Q

true or false, the rotators contain only a brevis

A

false, also a longus

80
Q

which is deeper, the semi spinlais or the splenisu

A

the semi spinalis

81
Q

what is the origin of the splenisu capitus

A

nucal lig and SP of c7-t2

82
Q

what is the inserttion of the splenius capitus

A

the skull (mastoid proceess)

83
Q

what is the origin of the splenius cervisis

A

SP of t3-T6

84
Q

what is the insertion of the splenius cervixis

A

TP of C1-C3

85
Q

what is the bilaterial function fo the splenis

A

extension fo thespine

86
Q

what is the unilateral function of the splenius

A

ipsilitaral lateral flexion and rotation of the head an d cerevical spine (shaking head)

87
Q

what is the innervation of the splenius

A

posteror ram of the cervical nerves

88
Q

trtue or false: the splenius when actting unilaterally causes ipsilataral lateral flexion

89
Q

which muscles cause contralateral rotattion of the spine

A

transversospinalis

90
Q

what is another name for the deep posterior muscles of the neck

A

suboccipitatl muscles

91
Q

what tis the general function of the suboccipital muscles

A

posture/motion of the head

92
Q

what are the 2 deep posterior neck muscles

A

rectus capitus posterior (major and minor)
obliquus capitus (sup and inf)

93
Q

what does rectus capitus posterior mean

A

straight of the head

94
Q

what does obliqus capitus mean

A

obloque of the head

95
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the rectus capitus minor

A

posterior C1 to occiput

96
Q

what is the orgin and inserion of the rectus capitus posterior major

A

SP or c2 to the occiput

97
Q

what is the fucntion of the rectus capitus posterior

A

extension (bilaterial) and ipsilateral flexion of the head and ipsilatteral rotation of the head (mostly major)

98
Q

why does the major rectus capitus poserior contribute more to lateral flexion?

A

necause it is more lateral therefore has a longer lever arm

99
Q

what is the origin an and the insertion of the obliquus capitus superior

A

TP of C1 to
occiput

100
Q

what is the origin and the insertion of the obliquus capitus inferior

A

SP of C2 to
TP of the C1

101
Q

what is the function of the obliqus capitus

A

extension (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion of the head and ip[silaterael rotation fo thee head (inferrior)

102
Q

ttrue or false, the reectus captis posterior and obliquus caopitus are the main agonists for neck exension

A

false, they are synergists

103
Q

what makes up the borders of the suboccital traignle

A

rectus cap posterior major (sup), obliquus capittus superior (lateral) and obliquees inferior (inf)

104
Q

what makes up the supereior border of the sup occiptial triangle

A

rectus cap posterior major

105
Q

what makes up the lateral border of the suboccipital triangle

A

obliquus capitus superios

106
Q

what makes up tthe infeerior border of the suboccipital triangle

A

obliquus capitis inferior

107
Q

what are the contents of the suboccipital trtaingle

A

vertebral artery
posterior ramus of c1 (suboccipital nerve)=nerve to all the suboccipital nerves

108
Q

what is the nerve of posterior ramus of c1

A

tje suboccipital nerve

109
Q

what innervates the suboccipital muscles

A

suboccipital nerve (psoterior rami of c1)

110
Q

what is the origin of the sternoclediomastoid

A

the sternum and clavicle

111
Q

what is the insertion of the SCM

A

the mastoid process

112
Q

what is the innervation of the SCM

A

spinal accessory nerve

113
Q

what is the function of the SCM (bilateral(

A

extension of the head/neck, flexion of thee neck (inferior cervical vert - sternal head)

114
Q

what is the function of the SCM (unilateral)

A

contralateral rottation and ipsilateral lateral flexion

115
Q

what is tthe origin of the scalens

A

TP of cervical vert c2-c7

116
Q

what is the isnterion of the scalens

A

first rib (ant and middle )
second rib (postetrior)

117
Q

what is the function of the scalenes

A

elevate the ribs (respiratory) or hey can flex the cervical spine and lateral flexion of the ceercical spine (ipsilateal)

118
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the rectus cap laterailis

A

originL TP of atlas
insertion: occiput

119
Q

what is the functiton of the rectus cap lateralis

A

ipsilateral head flexion

120
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the rectus cap anterior

A

origin: TP of atlas
insertion: occiput

121
Q

wjat is the funciton of the rectus cap anterior

A

ipsilateral rotation, flexion

122
Q

what is the origin and inseriton of the longus capitus

A

origin: Tp of cervical verts
inserttionL occiput

123
Q

what is the function of the longus colli

A

bilateral: neck flexion and ipsilateral flexion of the cerival spine

124
Q

what innervates the scalenes

A

anterior rami (c3-c8)

125
Q

what innervates the rectis cap lat, ant , longus cap and longus colli

A

anterior rami of the c1-c3

126
Q

what is tjhe function of the longus capitus

A

head flexion

127
Q

what is the orihin and insertion of the longus colli

A

origin: body C/T verts
insieriton: body or TP of the cervical verst

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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