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315 - anatomy > lecture 3: vertebral column > Flashcards

lecture 3: vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

what is the number of vertebral

A

typical 33 but ranges from 32-34

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2
Q

how mnay cerv vert are tehre

A

7

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3
Q

what do cervical vert make up

A

the necvk

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4
Q

how many thoaracic vert

A

12

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5
Q

what part of the skeleton do thoracic vert make up

A

chest/ribcage

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6
Q

how many lumbar vert

A

5

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7
Q

what part of the skeleton does the lumbar vert make

A

lower back

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8
Q

how many sacral vert

A

5 fused

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9
Q

how many coccyx vert are there

A

3-5 fused

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10
Q

what makes up the tail bone

A

the sacrum and coccyx

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11
Q

how many normal curvatures are there in the body

A

4

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of curvators

A

primary/kyphosis
secondary/lordosis

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13
Q

where do the primary curvatures orginate

A

in embryonic/fetal devel

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14
Q

what are the kyphotic/primary curves

A

throracic and sacral

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15
Q

when do secondary/lordotic curves develop

A

in earlt postnatal growth, unique to humans

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16
Q

what parts of the vert are lordotic. curves

A

cervical and lumbar

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17
Q

why are thoracic and sacral primary/kyphotic

A

due to the fetal curve in development

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18
Q

why are cervical and lumbar lordotic curves

A

due to being bipedal and loading the spinal column

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19
Q

what is the function of the secondary lordoses (lumbar and cervical)

A

to keep the bodys centre of mass (head/ttrunk) aligned OVER the feet, reducing the effort required to stand up

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20
Q

what are abnormal curvatures

A

cervical kyphosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
scoliosis

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21
Q

what is the cause of misallignments in the vert column

A

due to abnormal cervauteres increase back/neck muscle work and strain on the vert disks

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22
Q

be able to identify lordoses and scoliosis

A

.

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23
Q

be able to label the typical vertebra

A

.

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24
Q

where does the spinal cord pass

A

the neural arch

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25
Q

what does the pedicle link

A

body to tranverse

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26
Q

what does lamina connect

A

tranverse to spinal

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27
Q

what makes up the neural arch

A

pedical and lamina

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28
Q

what is the junction betwwn lamina and pedicel caleld

A

tranverse process

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29
Q

the body of the vertrebral is anterior or psoterior

A

anterior

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30
Q

spinal cord passes throug hthe…

A

vertebral formamen

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31
Q

what is the intervetrbral foramen formed by

A

inferior and superior vertebral notches

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32
Q

what does dpinal nerves exit

A

intervertebral foramen

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33
Q

true or false: there is segmental variation in vert

A

true

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34
Q

what are some special characterics of cervical vert

A

bifid spinous process
transverse foramina
large triangular vertebral foramen
uncinate processses

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35
Q

what are uncinate processes and why

A

hook shaped processes on the sup surface of the vertebral bodies (c3-c7)

helps flexion/extension

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36
Q

what are the contents of the transvers foramn

A

vertbral artery

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37
Q

what are the 2 unique cerv

A

atlas (c1)
axis (c2)

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38
Q

what supoorts the head

A

atlas (c1)

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39
Q

name special characteritics of atlas

A

lateral masses/no body
has anterior and posterior arch
facet for dens

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40
Q

what motion does the c1 allow

A

flexion/.extension

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41
Q

what motion does c2 allow

A

rotation

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42
Q

what is special about c2

A

dens

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43
Q

name special characterics of the thoracic vert

A

facets for rib attachemnts
circular vert foramin
heart shaped vertebral body
long narrow spinous process

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44
Q

which vert has a heart shaped vertt

A

thoracic

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45
Q

which vert has a circulat vert forman

A

throacic

46
Q

which vert has a large triangular vert forman

A

cervical

47
Q

which vert has a long,narrow sloped spinous process

A

throacic

48
Q

name the special characterics of lumbar veryt

A

smaller triangular vert foramen
kidney shaped vert body
short wide spinous process

49
Q

which vert has a smaller triangular vertebral formant

A

lumbar

50
Q

which vert has a kidney shaped vert body

A

lumbar

51
Q

which vert has a short wide spinous process

A

lumbar

52
Q

be able to name the parts of sacrum and coccyx

A
53
Q

whaT MAKES up the lateral sacral crest

A

fusion of tranverse

54
Q

whaT MAKES up the median sacral crest

A

fusion of spinous

55
Q

what nerve comes out of the sacral hiatus

A

s5

56
Q

name the 5 important joints of thevert columbn

A

1) atlanto occipital
2) atlanto axial
3) uncovertebral
4) interverteebral joints
5) zygopophyseal

57
Q

where is the atlanto occipital joint located

A

b/w atlas and skull

58
Q

where is the atlantoaxial joint

A

between c1 and c2

59
Q

where are the uncovertebral joints

A

b/w unicinate processes of c3/c7

60
Q

true or false: tjhere are uncinate processes on all ecrvical

A

false, starting at c3

61
Q

where are intervertebral joints

A

bw vertebral bodies

62
Q

where are zygopho joints lcoated

A

bw superior and inferior articular facets of vert

63
Q

what is the fucntion of the atlantooccipital joint

A

nodding, hear flexion/extension

MINIMAL LATERAL F/E AND AXIAL ROTATIONq

64
Q

what are the supporting ligs of the atlanto occipital joint

A

tectorial membrane
posterior atlanto occipital membrane

65
Q

the superior arrticular facets of c1 articate with what

A

occipital condyles

66
Q

what are the 3 articuaklations of the atlanto axial joint

A

dens and anterior arch (1)
articular processes (2)

67
Q

what is the functions of the transverse ligament in the atlanto axial joint

A

encircles the desns and keeps it against the anterior arch of C1 , turns that articualtion into a pivot joint

68
Q

what are the important supporting ligaments for the atlanto axial joint

A

alar ligaments
transverse ligament
cruciform ligament

69
Q

what is the fuction of the alar ligaments

A

secure the dens to the skull

70
Q

what is the classificaton of the intervertebral joints/disk

A

solid
symphysis joint (bone-fibrocartilage-bone)

71
Q

what are the 2 portions of the intervertbral dis k

A

annulus fibrosus
nucleus polosus

72
Q

what are the two parts of the annulus fiibrosis

A

outer and inner ring

73
Q

what is the function of the uncovertebral joints

A

guide flexion/extension of cervical spine while limiting lateral flexion

74
Q

what type of joints are uncovertebral joints

A

true synovial joints (gliding)

75
Q

whta is disk herniation

A

progressive protrusion of the nucleus pulposus thorugh the weak spots in the annulus fibrosus

76
Q

where do disk hernations most happen

A

in the lumbar region

77
Q

what do disk herniations cause

A

nerve impingements
pain
numbness
tingling

78
Q

what are the stages of disk hernations

A

1) degenration
2) protrusion
3) extrusion
4) sequestration

79
Q

what stage is when the nucleus pulp completeres p[rotrudes and leaks into spinal cord

A

sequestration

80
Q

where do disk hernations occur

A

lumbar region and move posteriorly towards spinal cord

81
Q

what is the classfication of zygopo joints

A

synovial plane/gliding

82
Q

true or false: zygopo joints are paired

A

true

83
Q

where are the zygo joints located

A

articulation between facets on superior and inferior articular process

84
Q

how are the zygopo joints oriented in the cervical spine

A

transvers orientation (especially c1-c2)

85
Q

what is the function of zygo joints at the cervical region

A

axial rotation, some flexion and extension

86
Q

what is the function of zygo joints at the thoracic region

A

Axial rotation.
Some flex and extension ,lateral. F and e

87
Q

what is the orientation of the zygopo joints in the thoracic spine

A

coronal orientation

88
Q

what is the orientation of the zygo joints in the lumbar spine

A

sagittal

89
Q

what is the function of zygo joints at the lumbar region

A

lateral flexion and extension

90
Q

true or false: each zygopo joint has a lot of motion

A

false, they each have its own limited motion but the sum of these small movements make for a greater ROM at the s[ine

91
Q

true or false: saggital flexion/extension, lateral flexion/extension and axial rotation possible at all joint segments

A

true

92
Q

where does most of the flexion extension come from (what part of the spine)

A

cervical, lumbar and thoracic

93
Q

where does most of the lateral felxion come from (what part of the spine)

A

lumbar (because the transverse processes do not interefere and because of the sagital oritnetation of the zygopo

94
Q

wwhere does most of the rotation are the head and neck come from (what part of the spine)

A

cervical

95
Q

where does most of the rotation of the upper trunk come from (what part of the spine)

A

thoracic

96
Q

true of false: the ligaments of the vert columb only reinforce joitnts

A

false, also keep motions in check

97
Q

what are the ligaments of the vert column

A

ant/post long ligaments
supraspinous lig
itnerspinous lig
intertraverse lig
lig flavum
lig nuchae

98
Q

where do the AP long ligs run

A

along the anterior and posterior border of the vertebral bodies

99
Q

which ligs run along the anterior and posterior border of the vertebral bodies

A

posterior and anterior long lig

100
Q

which lgiament contines as the tectorial membrane at c1/c2

A

PLL

101
Q

true or false: the PLL continues as the lig nuchae at c1/c2

A

false, continues as the tectorial membrane

102
Q

what is the function of suprasponous and nucal lig

A

limits flexion

103
Q

where are the supraspinous and interspinous ligs location

A

on/along the spinous process

104
Q

which lig is on/along the spinous process

A

interspinour and supraspinous

105
Q

where does lig flavum extend

A

extending between lamina of adjacent vertebra

106
Q

which lig extending between lamina of adjacent vertebra

A

lig flavum

107
Q

where do the intertransver lig lie

A

extending betweeb transveres processes of adjacent cert

108
Q

what is the function of spinal lordosi

A

align the center of mass of a biped over its feet

109
Q

why do we have increases size of vert bodies from superior to infferior

A

to support a larger load agaisnt gravity

110
Q

repetivee and asymetry loading of the vertebra and IV discs can cause what

A

annulus degenration, disc herniation and possible spine osteoarthris

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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