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315 - anatomy > lecture 13: anterior forearm and hand > Flashcards

lecture 13: anterior forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

know the elements of the radius and ulna

A

styloid processes heads ext

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2
Q

explain the projection of the styloid process of the ulna

A

projects from medial side (palpated medially and extends posterioly)

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3
Q

is the dorsal tubercle located psoterior or anterior

A

posterior

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4
Q

how many radioulnar joints are there

A

3

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5
Q

what are the 3 radioulnar jpints

A

proximal
middle
distal

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6
Q

what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar jt

A

synovial pivot

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7
Q

what makes the proximal RU jt a pivot

A

annular ligament

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8
Q

the radius or the ulna moves in supination/pronation

A

the radius moves reltaive to ulna

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9
Q

what type of joint is the middle RU jt

A

solid, syndesmosis (no articular cartilage)

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10
Q

what makes up the middle RU jt

A

interosseus membrane

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11
Q

what is the function of the interosseus membrane

A

keeps both shafts together under tendion
important for muscle attachments

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12
Q

what type of joint is the distal RU jt

A

synovial pivot
(doesal and ventral radioulnar lig)

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13
Q

where is the annular lig of the elbow found

A

proximal RU jt

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14
Q

where are the ventral and dorsal radioulnar ligaments of the elbow found

A

distal

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15
Q

what are the movements possible at the radioulnar joints

A

pronation and supination

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16
Q

know the difference btween pronation and supination

A

,

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17
Q

explain the movement of the radius during ponarion

A

the ulna is locked in the humerus therefore the radius rotates over the fixed ulna
(moves obliquely) so that the head of the radius moves medially)

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18
Q

only the BLANK moves during pronation and supination

A

RADIUS

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19
Q

explain the movement of the distal end of the radius during RU movement

A

only the radius moves during pronation and supination with the distal end pivoting around ulnar head

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20
Q

how many carpal bones

A

8

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21
Q

how many metacarpals

A

5

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22
Q

what are the bones of the palm

A

metacarpas

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23
Q

what are the aspects of the metacarpals

A

head body and base

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24
Q

where does the base of the metacarpals sit

A

prxomial to the carpas

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25
Q

phalanges make up the blank

A

fingers

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26
Q

how many phalanges are there in digets 2-5

A

3 (middle, distal and proximal)

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27
Q

how many phalanges are there in thumb

A

proximal and sital

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28
Q

how many rows of carpal bones

A

8 bones in two rows (proximal and distal)

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29
Q

what are the carpal bones in the proximal row, from lateral to medial

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrium
pisiform

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30
Q

which carpal bone lies most laterally

A

scaphoid

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31
Q

what are the carpal bones in the distal row from medial to lateral

A

hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium

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32
Q

what carpal bone is a sesmoid bone

A

pisiform

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33
Q

what is the anatomical aspect of the hammate

A

hook of the hammate

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34
Q

what fills in the medial gap in the hand

A

triangular fibrocartilagenous complex TFCC

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35
Q

the intercarpal joints are what type

A

synovial, plane/gliding

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36
Q

what is the most common wrist injury

A

scaphoid fracture (FOOSH)
compromision vasculatorue

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37
Q

what type of joint it the wrist joint

A

synovial
condylloid/ellipsoidal

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38
Q

what are the articulations of the wrist joint

A

articulations between distal radius, TFCC and proximal row of carpals

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39
Q

the articulations of the wrist joint is between distal radius, TFCC and proximal row of carpals (all of them)

A

false, all except pisiform

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40
Q

what is the articular disk in the wrist

A

TFCC

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41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: THERE IS no direct contact between ulna and carpal bones

A

true, thats why we have the TFCC

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42
Q

which bone artilates most with the wrist

A

carpal and radius

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43
Q

true or false: ulna has a lot of contact in the wrist joint

A

false, raddius

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44
Q

since wrist joint is condyllois that means it has what type of movement

A

biaxial

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45
Q

what are the movements possible at the wrist joint because of the condylloid joint

A

extension/flexion
abduction/adduction

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46
Q

what is another name for abduction of the wrist

A

radial deviation

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47
Q

what is another name for adduction of the wrist

A

ulnar deviation (toward midline)

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48
Q

what is the ROM in ulnar deviation greater

A

beacuse of the TFCC (squishy)

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49
Q

what are the important lkigaments at the wrist

A

ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

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50
Q

what motion fdoes the radial collateral ligament limit

A

ulnar deviation

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51
Q

what motion does the ulnar colalteral ligament limit

A

radial deviateion

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52
Q

bixai lhas motion in BLANK planes

A

two planes and combination

53
Q

what are the intrinsic hand joints

A

metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints I-V
carpometacarpal (CMC) joint 1
interphalangeal (IP) joint
carpometacarpal (CMC) joints II-V

54
Q

what type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints I-V

A

synovial. condyloid

55
Q

between what two bones is the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints I-V

A

between metacaral and proximal phalanx

56
Q

what type of joint is the carpometacarpal CMC joint 1

A

synovial saddle

57
Q

between what two bones in the carpometacarpal joint 1

A

1st metacarpal and trapezium

58
Q

what type of joint is the interphalangeal joints (IP)

A

synovial hunge

59
Q

what are the two subsets of the IP joints

A

distal IP joint (DIP)
proximal IP joint (PIP)

60
Q

what type of joint is the carpometacarpla CMC joints II-V

A

synoval, condyloid

61
Q

true or false; there is limited. ovement in the carpometacarpal joints II-V

A

true because there are many ligaments

62
Q

true or false< there are only collateral ligaments at elbow and wrist

A

false, also at the fingers

63
Q

what joints do flexion and extension at the hand

A

interphalangeal joints (PIP and DIP-hinge)
also at thumb PIP

64
Q

what is the motion of the metacarpophalangeal MCP joits

A

abduction
adduction
flexion and extension

65
Q

what is the movement of the 1st carpometacarpal CMC joint (thumb)

A

flexion and extension (coronal plane=same plane as other fingers)
abduction and addction (out of the plane, saggital)
opposition (combining)

66
Q

anterior compartment of the forearm is aka

A

flexor compartments

67
Q

posterior compartment of the forearm is aka

A

extensor compartments

68
Q

what general types of muscles are on the anterior comparment of the forearm

A

flexors and pronators of the wrist and flexors of the digits

69
Q

what general types of muscles are on the posterior comparment of the forearm

A

extensors and supinators of the wrist and extensors of the digits

70
Q

what is the anterior compartment/flexor compartment innervated by

A

medial and ulnar nerves

71
Q

what is the posterior compartment/extensor compartment innervated by

A

radial n (deep branch)

72
Q

why is the flexor compartment so much larger than the extensor compartment in the forearm

A

beacuse functionally flexing the digits for hanging onto things is more evolutionarry important

73
Q

what are the pronators of the forearm

A

pronator teres
pronator quadratus

74
Q

what is the origin of the pronator teres

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

75
Q

what is the insertion of the pronator teres

A

proximal radius (lateral)

76
Q

what is the function of the pronator teres

A

pronation

77
Q

what is the origin of the pronator quadratus

A

distal ulna

78
Q

what is the isnertion of the pronator quadratus

A

distal radius

79
Q

what is the motion of the pronation

A

rotation of the radius at the humeroradial and radioulnar joints, radius crosses over ulna

80
Q

pronator teres is located in what layer

A

superficial laye

81
Q

pronator quadratus is located in what layer

A

deepest layer

82
Q

true or false: pronator quadratus is located in the superficial layer

A

false, deepest

83
Q

what are the supinators of the forearm

A

biceps brachii and supinator

84
Q

what muscle is the primary suppinator

A

biceps brachii

85
Q

explain biceps brachii and how it is a supinator of the foream

A

supragelnoid tubercle (long) and coracoid process (short) to the radial tuberocity

primary fucntion, strong supinator especially with elbow at 90 degrees)

86
Q

what two muslces make a v and aid in supination and pronation

A

supinator and pronateor teres

87
Q

explain motion of ulna during supination

A

rotation of the radius @ humeroradial and radioulnar joints, radius uncrosses back over the ulna to become parallel to it

88
Q

what is the origin of the supinator

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus and proximal ulna

89
Q

what is the insertion of the supinator

A

;proximal radius (lateral) posterior compartment muscles

90
Q

how many muscles are ther ein the superficial layert os the anterior compartment of the forarm

A

4

91
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior forearm

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

92
Q

arrange these muscles from lateral to medial
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

93
Q

what it the shared origin/common attachement of the 4 muscles of the superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

medial humeral epicondylu

94
Q

what is the origin of the pronator teres

A

medial humeral epicondule

95
Q

what is the insertion of the pronator teres

A

distal attachement at the radius

96
Q

what is the function of the pronator teres

A

pronation

97
Q

which muscle of the supercfical layer of the anterior comparement of forearm is most lateral

A

pronator teres

98
Q

what is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis

A

medial humeral epicondyle

99
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis

A

MC II and III

100
Q

what is the function of the flexor carpi radialis

A

flexion and abduction (radial devation) of the carpus/wrist

101
Q

what is the origin of the palmaris longus

A

medial humeral epicondyle

102
Q

what is the insertion of the palmaris longus

A

palmar apioneurosis

103
Q

what is the function of the palmaris longus

A

weak wrist flexion (absent in 3%-60% of indivualsO)

104
Q

what is the origin of the flexor carpis ulnaris

A

medial humeral epicondyle

105
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor carpis ulnaris

A

pisiform, hamate and MC V

106
Q

what is the function of the flexor carpis ulnaris

A

flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation) of tje wrist

107
Q

what is the most medial muscle of the superficial layer of anterior compartment of the forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

108
Q

how many muscles of the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

1

109
Q

what muscle makes up the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of thje forearm

A

flexor digitorem superficialis (FDS)

110
Q

true or false, the flexor digi superficialis has 2 heads

A

yes, two heads that split into 4 tendons

111
Q

the two heads of the flexor digitorem superficialis split into how many tendons

A

4

112
Q

what is the origin of the flexor digitorem supericialis (FDS)

A

medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna (humeroulnar head) and proximal half of the anterior surface of radius (radial head)

113
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor digitorem supericialis (FDS)

A

via four tendons onto the sides of the middle phalantages of digits II to V

114
Q

true or false, flexor digi superficialis extends all the way to the distal phalanges

A

false, middle

115
Q

what is the function of the flexor digitorem supericialis (FDS)

A

flexion of wrist, MCP and PIP joints of digits II-V (no thumb or DIP)

116
Q

what happens to the flexor digi superificalis tendon when it reaches the middle phalanx

A

splits into two divisions

117
Q

where does the flexor digitorem superficialis not act op

A

the thumb or the DIP

118
Q

how many muscles makei up the deepest layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

3

119
Q

what are the muscles of the deepest layer of the anterior forearm

A

flexor pollicus longus (FPL)
flexor digi profundus (FDP)
pronator quadratus

120
Q

what is the orogin of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

A

radius, interosseus membrane

121
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

A

distal phalanx of digit 1 (thumb)

122
Q

what is the function of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

A

flexion of the wrist and joints of the thumb

123
Q

what is the oringin of the flexor digitorem profundus (FDP)

A

ulna and interosseus membrane

124
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor digitorem profundus (FDP)

A

base of distal phalanx of digits II to V

125
Q

what is the function of the flexor digitorem profundus (FDP)

A

flexion of the wrist, MCP joints, PIP and DIP joints of digits II to V

126
Q

true or false: flexor digitorem profundus (FDP) acts on PIP and DIP joints

A

true

127
Q

why does the flexor digitorem superifialis split into t2

A

so that the flexor digi profundus tendon passes thorugh it

128
Q

pronator quadratus lies deep to what

A

flexor digitorem profundus and flexor pollics longus

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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