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315 - anatomy > lecture 22: Leg and foot part 2 (soft tissues) > Flashcards

lecture 22: Leg and foot part 2 (soft tissues) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the leg

A

1) anterior
2) lateral
3) superficual posterial compartment
4) deep posterior compartment

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2
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior comparment of the leg

A

tib ant
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

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3
Q

what are the nerves in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

deep fibular nerve

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4
Q

what are the vessels in the anterior compartment of the leg`

A

anterior tibial artery and vein

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5
Q

in what compartment of the leg is the deep fibular n located

A

anterior

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6
Q

in what compartment of the leg is the anterior tibial a and v located

A

anterior

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7
Q

in what compartment are these muscles locations:
tib ant
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

A

anterior

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8
Q

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus and brevis

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9
Q

what is the nerve of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular n

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10
Q

what are the vessels of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

branches of fibular artery and vein

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11
Q

what compartment of the leg are these muscles located:
fibularis longus and brevis

A

lateral

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12
Q

what compartment of the leg is the superficual fibular n located

A

lateral

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13
Q

what compartment of the leg are the branches of the fibular a and v located

A

lateral

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14
Q

what muscles are located in the superficual posterior compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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15
Q

what compartment of the leg aer the following muscles located:
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

A

superficial posterior

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16
Q

what are the muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

tib post
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

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17
Q

what compartment of the leg are the following muscles located in:
tib post
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

A

deep posterior compartment

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18
Q

what is the nerve in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial n

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19
Q

the tibial n is in what compartment of the leg

A

deep posterior compartment

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20
Q

what are the vessels in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

posterior tibial a and v
fibular a

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21
Q

in what compartment of the leg are these vessels located:
posterior tibial a and v
fibular a

A

deep posterior

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22
Q

what seperates the anterior and deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

interosseus membrane

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23
Q

what surrounds the diff compartments of the leg

A

deep fascia of th eleg

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24
Q

what is the biggest compartment of the leg

A

superficual posterior

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25
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibalis posterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorem longus
fibularis tertius

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26
Q

what is the common action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflexion of the ankle

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27
Q

which muscle is most medial in the anterior comparmtnet

A

tbiialis anterior

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28
Q

what is the origin of tib ant

A

lateral tibial confyle, tibial shaft, interosseus membrane

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29
Q

what is the insertion of the tib ant

A

medial cuniform

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30
Q

what is the action of the tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion and inversion

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31
Q

what is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus

A

shaft of fibula and interosseus membrane

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32
Q

what is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus

A

distal phalanx of the hallux (big toe)

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33
Q

what is the action of the extensor hallucis longis

A

dorsiflexion and extesnion of the halluc MTP and IP

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34
Q

what is the origin of the extensor digitorem longus

A

lateral tibial condyle, head of fibula, and interosseus membrane

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35
Q

what is the insertion of the extnesor digitorem longus

A

dorsum of lateral 4 toes (through extensor hood)

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36
Q

what is the action of the extensor digi longus

A

dorsiflexion and toe PIP/DIP extension

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37
Q

what is the fucntion of the extensor retinaculums on the dorsum of the foot

A

reduce friction
redirect pull of muscle (prevent bowing)

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38
Q

what are the 2 extesnor retinaculum of the dorsum of foot

A

superior and ifnerior extensor retinaculum

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39
Q

what is exertional compartment syndrome

A

temporary ischemia and/or nerve compression due to increase in pressure within a muscle comaprtment

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40
Q

exertional compartment syndrome is a temporary ischemia and/or nerve compression due to what

A

increase in pressure within a muscle comaprtment

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41
Q

true or false: extertional/chronic comparmtnent syndrome:
can happen anywhere there are compartments (arms, legs, hands) equally as commong

A

false, happens frequently in anterior compartmenr of leg
following sustained muscular effort (exrceise)

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42
Q

where does exertional compartment syndrome frequently happen

A

anterior compartment of the leg
following sustained muscular effort (exrceise)

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43
Q

how does exertional compartment syndrome resolve

A

rest/return to normal activity

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44
Q

anterior comaprtment is bounded by what

A

deep fascia, tibia and fibula, and interosseus membrane

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45
Q

acute exrecistional compartment syndrome (ex: fracture) may require what to relieve pressure

A

fasciotomy to relieve intra-compartment pressure

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46
Q

what is the origin of the fibularis teritus

A

fibula

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47
Q

what is the insertion of the fibular tertius

A

dorsal surface of metatarsal V (5)

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48
Q

what are the actions of fibularis tertius

A

dorsiflexion and foot EVERSION

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49
Q

true or false: both tib ant and fibularis tertius do dorsiflexion and foot inverstion

A

false, fibularis tertius does eversion

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50
Q

anterior compartment based on being anterior to what

A

to lateral malleolus (and hence ankle COR)

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51
Q

what are the 2 muscles of the lateral comaprtment of the leg

A

fibularis longus and brevis

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52
Q

what is the origin of the fibularis longus

A

head and proximal fibula

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53
Q

what is the insertion of the fibularis longus

A

medial cuniform and plantar surface of MT 1 (across plantar surface from L to M)

54
Q

fibularis longus and brevis pass posterior to what

A

to lateral malleolus

55
Q

what muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg contributes to providing support to the tranverse arch

A

fibularis longus

56
Q

the tendon of the fibularis longus goes across plantar surface to MT I, what does that allow for

A

iallows for support of thr transverse arch

57
Q

wht is the common actions of the fibularis longus and brevis

A

plantar flexion and eversion of the foot

58
Q

true or false: since the fibularis longus and brevis pass poasterior to lateral malleulus, they do dorsiflexion

A

false, they do plantar

59
Q

what is the origin of the fibularis brevis

A

shaft of fibula

60
Q

what is the insertion of the fibularis brevis

A

to proximal MT V

61
Q

tendon of the fibularis longus contributes to support of waht

A

tranverse arch

62
Q

what are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

63
Q

what are the two heads of the gastroc

A

medial and lateral

64
Q

what is the origin of the gastroc

A

supracondylar ridges of femur

65
Q

what is the insertion of the gastroc

A

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)

66
Q

what are the actions of the gastroc

A

knee flexion and plantar flexion

67
Q

true or false: gastroc m do knee flexion AND platar flexion

A

true

68
Q

what is the origin of the plantaris

A

lateral femur (distal)

69
Q

what is the insertion of the plantaris

A

calcaneus

70
Q

what is the action of the plantaris

A

weak knee flexion and plantar flexion
(absent in 7-20% ppl also can be unilateralO

71
Q

true or false: 3 muscles insert via the calcaneal tendon

A

false, gastroc and soleus doo
sometimes plantaris

72
Q

what is the origin of the soleus m

A

soleal line and head of fibula

73
Q

what is the insertion of the solueus m

A

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

74
Q

what is the action of the soleus

A

plantar flexion

75
Q

explain why gastroc does both plantar flexion and knee flexion but soleus can only do plantar flexion

A

because soleus does not cross knee joint

76
Q

where do the tendons of the deep posterior compartment of the leg pass

A

posterior to the medial malleolus

77
Q

what are the 3 muscles of teh deep psoterior compartment of the leg

A

flexor digi longus
tib post
flexor hallucis longus

78
Q

what is the origin of the flexor digi longus

A

posterior tibia

79
Q

what is the isnertion of the flexor digi longus

A

distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (plantar surface)

80
Q

what si the action of the flexor digi longus

A

plantar flexion and toe PIP/DIP flexion (lateral 4)

81
Q

what is the origin of the tib post

A

tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane

82
Q

what is the inerstion of the tib post

A

plantar surface along tarsal

83
Q

what is the action of the tib post

A

plantarflexion and inversion

84
Q

tib post travels psoterior or anterior to ankle jt

A

posterior

85
Q

what is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus

A

distal fibula

86
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus

A

plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux

87
Q

what is the action of the flexor hallucis longus

A

plantar flexion and flexion of the hallux IP

88
Q

what is the most medial musclenof the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

flexor digi longus

89
Q

the tendon of the flexor digitorem passes where

A

over the tendon of tib post and over the hallucis tendon

90
Q

what is the sustentaculum tali and its function

A

shelf on bone of calcaneus

doesnt allow the tendons to pop out

91
Q

what tendon passes under sustentaculum tali

A

the flexor hallucis longus

92
Q

sciatic n bifurcates into what two bracnhes at the popliteal fossa

A

tibial n and common fibular

93
Q

tibial n comes from what spinal n levels

A

L5-S3

94
Q

which n is located deep to gastroc

A

tibial n

95
Q

what provides motor innervation to the posterior compartments of the leg

A

tibial n

96
Q

the tibial n provides motor innervation to what

A

posterior compartments of tje legs

97
Q

what spinal levels n does the common fibular come from

A

L4-S2

98
Q

common fibular n branches into what 2 branches

A

deep fibular n
superficial fibular n

99
Q

what does the superficial fibular n provude motor inneavtion to

A

lateral compartment of the leg

100
Q

what n provides motor innervation to the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibualr n

101
Q

what does the deep fibular n provide motor innervation to

A

anterior compartment of th eleg

102
Q

what n provudes motor innervation to the anterior compartment of the leg

A

deep fibular n

103
Q

which n of the lower leg wraps over anterior

A

common fibular

104
Q

saphenous n is a cuteanous branch of what nerve

A

femoral n

105
Q

what nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial leg

A

saphenous

106
Q

what nerve provudes sensory innervation to the posterior and lateral aspects of the leg

A

sural n

107
Q

where do sural nerves come from

A

sensory nervee from distal bracnhes of sciatic

108
Q

what part of the foot does tibial innervate

A

the sole of the foot

109
Q

what part of the leg does the superficial fibular n innevate

A

dorsum of the foot

110
Q

what n innervates the space between big toes and 2nd toe

A

deep fibular n

111
Q

where is the deep fibular nerve located

A

between tib ant and the 2 extensors

112
Q

the superficial fibular n travels anterior to what passive structure

A

the extensor retinaculums

113
Q

which branch of the common fibular n has a very small sensory contribution to the leg

A

deep fibular n

114
Q

why does the deep fibular only have a small sensory contribution in the foot

A

is deep and only pokes out superficial near the big toe

115
Q

after the femoral nerve passes the addcutor hiatus it becomes…

A

popliteal a

116
Q

what provides blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg

A

posterial tibial a

117
Q

posterial tibial a provides blood supply to what

A

posterior compartment of the leg

118
Q

popliteal a branches into what 2 things passes the popliteal fossa

A

posterior and anterior tibial a

119
Q

what is the most medial vessel in the vascular supply of the leg

A

posterior tibial a

120
Q

what provides blood supply to the anerior compartment of the leg

A

anterior tibial a

121
Q

the anterior tibial a provides blood supply to what compartment of the leg

A

anterior compartment

122
Q

how does the anterior tibial arter y get to the anterior side of the leg

A

passes through openings in the interosseus membrane (for ATA)

123
Q

what is the branch off the posterior tibial a

A

fibular a

124
Q

what does the fibular a provide blood suply to

A

post/lat compartment of the leg

125
Q

what blood vessel supplies post/lat compartment of the leg

A

fibular a

126
Q

anterior tibial a travels anterior with what vessel

A

deep fibular n

127
Q

posterior tibial a travels posterior with what neve

A

tibial n

128
Q

what is the tarsal tunnel

A

tendons, vasculature and nerve running posterior to medial malleolus deep to flexor retinaculum

129
Q

tarsal tendon is located posterior to medial or lateral malleuos

A

medial

130
Q

what are the 6 structures that pass under the flexor retinaculum part of the tarsal tunnel

A

anterior to psoterior

tibiialis posteror
flexor digitorem longus
posterior tibial a
posterior tibial v
tibial n
flexor hallucis longus

131
Q

what is the mneumonic for the tarsal tunnel (anterior to psoterior)

A

tom (tib post)
dick (flexor digi longus)
and (post tibial a)
very (psot tibial v)
nervous (tibial)
harry (flexor hallucis longus)

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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