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315 - anatomy > lecture 11: brachial plexus > Flashcards

lecture 11: brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

brachial plesux provides motor and sensory innervation to where (general)

A

to upper limb from shoulder to tip of fingers

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2
Q

the brachial plexus is derived from what spinal nerves

A

c5-t1

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3
Q

where does the brachial plexus funnel through

A

the axilla

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4
Q

what is the brachial plexus in close relationship with

A

the axillary artery

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5
Q

what the 5 general division of the bracial plexus

A

roots
trunk
divisions
cords
terminal nerves

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6
Q

the roots of the brachial plexus come from what rami

A

anterior rami

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7
Q

how many roots are there

A

5

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8
Q

what are the 5 roots of the bracial plexus

A

c5
c6
c7
c8
t1

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9
Q

what are the 3 trnks of the bracial plexus

A

superior
middle
inferior

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10
Q

what are the.2 divisions of the brachial plexus

A

anterior posterior

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11
Q

how many cords are there in the brachial plexus

A

3

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12
Q

what are the 3 cords in the brachial plexus

A

lateral
medial
posterior

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13
Q

how many terminal bracnhes are there of the brachial plexus

A

5

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14
Q

what are the 5 terminal bracnhes of the brachial plexus

A

musculocutaenous
median
ratial
ulnar
axillary

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15
Q

where do the trunks turn into divisions

A

the clavicle

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16
Q

what is the mnemonic for the basic organization of the brachial plexus

A

read (roots)
the (trunk)
darn (division)
cadaver (cords)
book (branches)

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17
Q

what is the only level of organization that has no branches off it

A

divisions

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18
Q

the 5 terminal bracnhes wrap around what

A

the axillary artery

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19
Q

where are cords named in relation to

A

in trelation to the axillary artery (lateral, medial, posterior)

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20
Q

what are the bracnhes above the clavicle called

A

supraclavicular

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21
Q

what are the branches below the clavicle called

A

infraclavicular

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22
Q

the musculocutaneus nevre is derived from what spinal nerves

A

c5-c7

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23
Q

the median nevre is derived from what spinal nerves

A

c6-c8, t1
(no c5)

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24
Q

the radial nerve is derived from what spinal nerves

A

c5-c8, t1

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25
Q

the ulnar n is derived from what spinal nerves

A

c7-c8
ti

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26
Q

the axillary nerver is derived from what spinal nerves

A

c5-c6

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27
Q

what level of organization of the brachial plexus is considered supraclavicular

A

roots and trunks

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28
Q

what level of organization of the brachial plexus is considered infraclavicular

A

divisions
cords
terminal branches

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29
Q

what are the supraclavicaular branches from the roots

A

dorsal scapular n
long thoracic n

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30
Q

how many branches are there branching from the roots

A

2

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31
Q

where do the roots pass trhu

A

the anterior and middle scales

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32
Q

dorsal scapular nerve is contributions from what nerve

A

root c5 (also c4)

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33
Q

long thoracic comes from what roots

A

c5-c7

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34
Q

long thoracic n supplies what muscle

A

serratus anterior

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35
Q

true or false: dorsal scapular n and a travel together

A

true

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36
Q

what muscless do the dorsal scpular n supple

A

levator scap
rhomboid minor and major

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37
Q

is leavtor scap inneravted only from dorsal scapula (c5)

A

no, also c3 and c4

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38
Q

what is the only trunk that has branches

A

superior trunk

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39
Q

superior trunk is made up of what roots

A

c5-c6

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40
Q

middle trunk is made up of what roots

A

just c7

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41
Q

inferior trunk is made up of what roots

A

c8 and t1

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42
Q

when the roots come together they form the…

A

trunks

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43
Q

what are the contributions to the suprascap nerve

A

(c4) c5-c6

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44
Q

what are the contributions to the subclavian nerve

A

c5-c6

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45
Q

what does the suprascapular innervte

A

supra and infraspinatus mm

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46
Q

true or false: all the branches coming off the trunk come from the superior trunk

A

true

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47
Q

true or false: the suprascap n and a do not travel together

A

false, they do

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48
Q

suprascap n and a travel together but when do they seperate

A

at the scapular notch

the nerve goes under the transverse scapualr ligament and the artery goes over

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49
Q

what ligament seperated the suprascapular n and a

A

the transverse scapular ligament

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50
Q

what is a clinical consequence of having the suprascapular n pass under the transverse scapular ligament

A

entrapment of the suprascapular n in the notch

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51
Q

what m does the subclavian n innervate

A

the subclavius

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52
Q

lateral cords are made up of what spinal n

A

c5-c7

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53
Q

medial cords are made of what spinal n

A

c8 t1

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54
Q

posterior cords are made of what spinal n

A

c5-t1

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55
Q

how many nerves branch off the lateral. cord

A

1

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56
Q

what is the nerve that branches off the lateral cord

A

lateral pectoral n

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57
Q

lateral pectoral nevre is contributed by what nerves

A

c5-c7

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58
Q

where does the medial pectoral n branch off

A

medial cord

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59
Q

what are the n contributions of the mediall pectoral n

A

c8-t1

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60
Q

medial pectoral n inneravtewhat muscvles

A

the pectoralis minor and pectoralis major (sternocostal part)

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61
Q

lateral pectoral n is innervates what muscles

A

pectoralis major (claviclar part)

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62
Q

how many branches of off the posterior cords

A

3

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63
Q

what are the branches fof the posterior cords

A

upper and lower subscapular n
thoracodordasl n

64
Q

how many branches off the medial cord

65
Q

what are the branhes off the medial cord

A

medial perctoral n
cutaneuous to the arm and forearm (brachial/antebrachial n)

66
Q

superior and inferior subscapular nn come from what nerve

67
Q

superior and inferior subscapular nn innervate what muscles

A

subscapularis (inf and sup)
teres major (inf)

68
Q

true or false: the teres major is only supplied by the superior subscapular n

A

false, the inferior subscapualr n

69
Q

both the subscapular nn and the thoracodrsal n branch off the BLANK cord

A

posteior cord

70
Q

what roots supply the thoracodorsal n

71
Q

what muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal n

A

latissiumus dorsi

72
Q

generally, branches travelling anterior to the axillary artery (from medial and lateral cords) provide innervation to what

A

antior comparements of the arm

73
Q

what terminal branches arrise from the medial and lateral cords

A

musculo
median n
ulnar n

74
Q

musculocut n comes solely from what cord

A

lateral cord

75
Q

musculocut n is supplied by what nerve

76
Q

median n comes from what cords

A

medial and lateral

77
Q

median n is supplied from what nevres

78
Q

ulnar n comes from what cord

A

medial cord

79
Q

ulnar nerve has which spinal roots assocaited t it

80
Q

which nerve lies most laterally of the terminal branches

81
Q

which nerve of the M is in the middle

82
Q

which nerve of the M is medial

83
Q

true or false: musculocutaneuous n comes all from the lateral cord

A

true (c5-c7)

84
Q

what is the motor innervation of the musculocutaneous

A

motor innervation to the ANTERIOR compartment of the BRACHIM (upper arm ex: coraco)

85
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the musculocutaneous

A

sensory innervation to the anterior/lateral part of the ANTEBRACHIUM

86
Q

what happens to the name of the musculocutaneous as it provides sensory innervation to the anterbrachium

A

it changes to lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

87
Q

true or false: median n comes from only lateral cord

A

false, mixed from lateral/medial cord

88
Q

explain the pathway of the median n

A

travels down the midline (median) through the cubital fossa,

89
Q

what anatomical landmark does the median nerve pass thru

A

cubital fossa

90
Q

explain the sensory and motor inneravtion of the median n

A

provides sensory and motor ineravtion to the ANTERIOR comparements of the antebrachium and hand

91
Q

where does the median nerve supply innevation to

A

anterior compartments of the anterbrachium and hand (palm area)

92
Q

where does the musculocut nrve supply motor innervation to

A

anterior compartment of the brachium

93
Q

where does the musculocut nrve supply sensory innervation to

A

anterior/lateral part of the antebrachium

94
Q

true or false; the ulnar n comes from exclusively the lateral cord

A

false only medial (c8-t1 and occ. c7)

95
Q

explain the pathway of the ulnar n

A

travels down the medial arm, posterior to the medial epicondyle humerus (where it can be hit=funny bone)/

96
Q

the ulnar nerve travels posterior to what

A

the medial epicondyle of the humerus

97
Q

what nerve makes up the funny bone

98
Q

where does the ulnar n provide motor and sensory innervation to

A

anterior forearm and hand

99
Q

how many branches come from the posterior cord

A

axillary and radial

100
Q

generally, branches travelling posterior to axillary artery provide motor/sensory innevation to what

A

the shoulder
and posterior comparements of the arm, forearm and hand

101
Q

axillary n comes from the BLANK cord

102
Q

radial n comes from the BLANK cord

103
Q

musculocutl n comes from the BLANK cord

104
Q

ulnar n comes from the BLANK cord

105
Q

median n comes from the BLANK cord

A

lateral and medial cord

106
Q

explain the pathway of the axillary n

A

dips inferior to the lateral scapular broder and wraps around the surgical neck of humerus to the psoterior side

107
Q

where does the axillary n wrap around

A

the surgical neck of the hum. to posterior side

108
Q

where does the axillary n provide MOTOR inneavtion to t

A

deltoid and teres minor

109
Q

where does the axillary n provide sensory innervation to

A

inferior deltoid region and shoulder jt

110
Q

the axillary n comes from what spinal root

111
Q

the radial n comes from what spinal root

112
Q

what is the largest terminal branch

113
Q

true or false: the axillary n is the largest of the terminal branches

A

false, the radial n is

114
Q

explain the pathway of the radial r

A

travels posterior to humerus in the radial groove

115
Q

what nerve passes through the radial groove

A

the radial n

116
Q

the radial nerve provides motor and sensory innevation to what

A

the posterior comparement of the arm anf forearm

117
Q

true or false: nerve injuries can manifest as sets of motor deficits

118
Q

at the shoulder, what would happen with a c5 injury

A

inpair shoulder flexion (anterior deltoid)
abduction (supraspinatus, lateral deltoid)
and lateral rotation (infraspinatus and teres minor)

119
Q

suprascapular (c5-c6) innervates what

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

120
Q

axillary n (c5-c6) innevates what

A

deltoi, teres minor

121
Q

subscapular (c5-c6) innevates what

A

subscapularis and teres major

122
Q

thoracodorsal n (c6-c8) innevrates what

A

latissiumus dorsi

123
Q

true or false: brachial plexus provides only motor info

A

false, also sensory

124
Q

axillary n provides cutaneous innervation to what main region

125
Q

medial brachial cutaenous nerve is a branch from what

A

medial cord (c8-t1)

126
Q

medial antebrachial cutaenous nerve is a branch from what

A

medial cord (c8-t1)

127
Q

cuteanously, the muscuolocut n continues as …

A

lateal antebrachial cutaneous n.

128
Q

what nerve provides cut. innervation to the posteromedial hand

A

ulnar n (c8-t1)

129
Q

what nerve provides cutaenous innevation to the medial wrist and medial 1.5 digits

130
Q

what cutaneous innervation does the ulnar nerve supply to

A

posteromedial hand
medial writs, medial 1.5 digits

131
Q

what provides cut. innevation to the lateral wrist, lateral 3.5 digits, tips of digits 2-4

132
Q

the median nerve provides cut. innevation to

A

lateral wrist, lateral 3.5 digits, tips of digits 2-4

133
Q

what is a dermatome

A

region of skin innevated by a single spinal nerve

134
Q

from a sensory perspective, injury at the root vs the peripheral n of the brachial plexus will have different or the same clinical manifestations

135
Q

explain the effect of injury at the c8 root

A

will lead to loss of sensation on entire medial upper limb and lower scapula

136
Q

explain the effect of injury to the ulnar nerve (which comes from c8-t1)

A

effects are only observed at medial hand/wrist, medial 2 digits (and medial brachian and antebrachial nerves, also c8-t1 may no t be injured

137
Q

what happens in scapular spaces

A

nerves, bones, msucles ec all together

138
Q

what are the 3 subscapular spaces

A

triangular space
triangular interval
quadrangular space

139
Q

suprascpular notch is closed to form a foramen via what

A

transvere scapular ligament

140
Q

what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space

A

teres minor, humerus, teres major and long head of the triceps

141
Q

what are the boundaries of the triangualr soace

A

teres minor
teres major
long head of triceps

142
Q

what are the boundaries of the triangular interval

A

teres major and minor
and long and lateral heads of the tricep[s

143
Q

what are the contents of the quadrangular space

A

axillary n and postoerior humeral circumflex

144
Q

what are the contents of the triangular space

A

circumflex scapular a (from subscapular 3rd part axillary)
no nerve

145
Q

true or false: tbere is no nerve that passes through the triangular interval

A

false, the trinagular space

146
Q

what are the contents of the triangular interval

A

radial n (on the way to the groove of the hum)
and deep brachial a.

147
Q

musculo is derived from what cord

A

lateral (c5-c7)

148
Q

median is dereiced from what cord

A

medial and lateral (c6-t1)

149
Q

ulnar is dervived from what crod

A

medial (c8-t1)

150
Q

axillary is derveied from what cord

A

posterior (c5-c6)

151
Q

radial is dervied from what cord

A

posterior (c5-t1)

152
Q

post cord is made up of what divisins

A

all posterior divisions of the trunks

153
Q

lateral cord is made up of what divisions

A

ant division of the superior trunk and ant division of the middle trink

154
Q

medial cord is made up of what diviisions

A

ant division of the inferior trunk

155
Q

what two divisions of the brachial plexus are considered supraclavicular branches

A

roots and trunks

156
Q

what divisions of the brachai lplexus are consdiered infraclavicular branches

A

divisions, cords and terminal branches

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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