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315 - anatomy > lecture 16: intro to the lower limb > Flashcards

lecture 16: intro to the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main bones of the lower limb

A

pelvic girdle (sacrum,coccyx, pelvis)
femur
patella
tiba and fibula
bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges)

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2
Q

what is another name for valgus angle

A

carrying angle

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3
Q

why is there a medial valgus angle in the knee

A

to minimize torque

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4
Q

explain neutral positioning of the pelvis

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle facing anteriorly
(with pubic tubercle more anterior)

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5
Q

the center in the gravity at the pelvis is anterior to what
and posterior to what

A

anterior to to the knee and ankle jt
posterior to the hip joint

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6
Q

the ASIS and pubic tubercle are alligned with what plane

A

coronal plane

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7
Q

PELVIC tilt impacts what

A

lumbar lordosis and may underlie lower back pain in some patients

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8
Q

in posterior pelvic tilt, which lies more anterior (the ASIS or pubic tubercle)

A

pubic tubercle

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9
Q

in anterior pelvic tilt, which lies more anterior (the ASIS or pubic tubercle)

A

ASIS

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10
Q

wihch type of pelvis tilt impacts the lordosis the most

A

anterior pelvic tilt

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11
Q

what bones make up the pelvic girdle

A

sacrum
coccyx
hip bones

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12
Q

the superior circle made by the hip boens is known as what

A

pelvic brim (inlet)

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13
Q

the inferior circle made by the hip boens is known as what

A

pelvic outlet

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14
Q

false pelvis lies superior or inferior to the linlet

A

superior to the inlet

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15
Q

where does the true pelvis lie

A

between inlet and outlet

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16
Q

be able to understand the pelvic inlet and outlet

A

.

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17
Q

what are the 3 main characteritics of the pelvic in an assiged female birth (AFAB)

A

wide and shallow
wide oval inlet
round outlet

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18
Q

what are the 3 main characteritics of the pelvic in an assiged male birth (AMAB)

A

narrow and deep
heart shaped inlet
narrow oblong outlet

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19
Q

which gender has a wide and shall pelvis

A

female

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20
Q

which gender has a wide oval inlet

A

female

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21
Q

which gender has a round outlet

A

dfemale

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22
Q

which gender has a narrow and deep pelvis

A

male

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23
Q

which gender has a heart shaped inlet

A

male

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24
Q

which gender has a narorw oblong outlet

A

male

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25
Q

true or false: females have a heart shaped inlet

A

false, males

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26
Q

explain male vs female shape of outlet

A

male: narrow oblong outlet
female: round outlet

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27
Q

explain male vs female shape of inlet

A

male: heart shaped inlet
female: wide oval inlet

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28
Q

what is the subpubic angle

A

pubic arch by the convergence of the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis on either side

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29
Q

what is the subpubic angle in female

A

90-100

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30
Q

what is the subpubic angle in male

A

70

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31
Q

which gender has a larger subpubic angle

A

female

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32
Q

what are the joints of the pelvic girdle (5)

A

lumbosacral
sacroilliac joints (2)
hip joints (2)
pubic symphysis
sacrococcygeal

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33
Q

what type of joint is the lumbosacral joint

A

solid symphysis

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34
Q

where is lumbosacral joint located

A

between L5-S1

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35
Q

what type of joint is the anterior sacroilliac joint

A

synovial

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36
Q

what type of joint is the posterior sacroilliac joint

A

sydesmosis

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37
Q

what type of joint is the hip joints

A

synovial ball and socket

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38
Q

what type of joint is pubic synphysis

A

solid (with superior and inferior pubic ligaments(

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39
Q

what type of joint is the sacrococcygeal joint

A

solid symphysis

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40
Q

which joint is located between sacrum and illium

A

sacroilliac

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41
Q

which joint is located between l5 and s1

A

lumbosacral

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42
Q

what joint is located between s5 and coccyx

A

sacrococcygeal

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43
Q

what joint connects the two hips joints anterior

A

pubic symphysis

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44
Q

the hip bones are aka as

A

innominates

45
Q

what are the 3 parts of the hip bone

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

46
Q

what are the landmarks on the ilium

A

illiac crest
posterior superior and inferior iliac spine
anterior superior and inferior iliac spine
ala (wing) of the ilium
bod

47
Q

obturator foramen is located between what bones

A

ischium
pubis

48
Q

what are the landmakrs of the ischium

A

ischial tuberocity
ischial spine
lesser sciatic notch
ischial ramus

49
Q

what 3 bones make up the acetabulum

A

pubis
ilium
ischium

50
Q

what landmark is known as the sit bone

A

ischial tuberocity

51
Q

what landmark is located most inferior in the hip bone

A

ischial tuberocity

52
Q

what two bones and landmarks make up the greater sciatic notch

A

illium and iscium (PSIS and ischial spine)

53
Q

what two landmarks make up the lesser sciatic notch

A

ishial spine and ischial tuberocity

54
Q

which hip bone is located most anterior

55
Q

what are the landmarks on the pubis

A

pubic tubercle
inferior pubic ramus
superior pubic ramus

56
Q

what makes up the ischiopubic ramus

A

ischial ramus and inferior pubic ramus

57
Q

what is acetabulum named after

A

vinegar cup

58
Q

what surface articulates as the sacroilliac joint

A

auricular surface

59
Q

what surface of the hip is in contact with the sacrum

A

auricular surface of the ilieum

60
Q

what makes up the pelvic brim

A

arcuate line (of ileum)
pectineal line (of pubic)

61
Q

artcuate line located on what bone

62
Q

pectionial line located on what bone

63
Q

bwe able to understand the medial view of the pelvis

64
Q

what are the ligaments of the pelvis (4)

A

inguinal ligament
anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
sacrotuberous lig
sacrospinous lig

65
Q

where does the inguinal ligament extend

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

66
Q

what ligament covers the obturator forament

A

obturator membrane

67
Q

be able to locate the anterior and pposterior sacroilliac ligaments

68
Q

sacrotuberous lig extends down to what landmark

A

ischial tuberocity

69
Q

sacrospinous extends to what

A

ischial spine to the sacrum

70
Q

are the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligs located anterior or posterior

71
Q

what is the fascia behind the knee called

A

popliteal fascia

72
Q

what is the fascia that surrounds the leg (upper)

A

fascia lata

73
Q

what is the fascia that surrounds the lower leg (upper)

A

crural fascia

74
Q

what bone of the lower leg lies right deep to the skin

A

tibia (exposed perioestum (highly innervated) which hurts the skin when hit))

75
Q

the deep fascia of the thigh is known as

A

fascia lata

76
Q

explain what the deep fascia of the thigh envolippes and its compartments

A

encloses the muscles of the thight

outer enveloppe, with intermuscular septa, creates the fascia lcompartments

77
Q

what creates the fascial comparmtnets of the upper thigh

78
Q

what muscle tenses the IT band

A

tensor fascia lata

79
Q

which muscle is locates right under the ASIS

A

tensor fascia lata

80
Q

what is the IT band

A

thickening of the fascia latea

81
Q

the thickening of the fascia lata on the lateral side is known as

A

the iliotibial band

82
Q

understand the intermuscular septa and the fascia lata

83
Q

the aorta at the sacrum splits into what

A

common illiac and and vein

84
Q

common illiac a and v splits itno

A

external and internal illiac v

85
Q

explain the transport/pairing of the deep veins in the vascular supply lower limb

A

deep veins parallel the arteries up to the common iliac, then common iliac veins drain into the inferior vena cava

86
Q

when do the aorta split into the common

A

at the level L4

87
Q

external iliac stays in false or true pelvis

A

staying in false pelvis

88
Q

explain the passage of the external illiac

A

Staying in the false pelvis, along pelvic brim and under inguinal ligament

89
Q

What is the path of the unguinal ligament

A

Extends from ASIS and pubic tubercle

90
Q

Which vessel of lower limb goes deep into the true pelvis

A

Internal iliac a and v

91
Q

When does external illiac become femoral a

A

When it passes thru the inguinal ligametn

92
Q

What is the superficial venous drainage of the lower limb

A

Great saphenous vein
Lesser saphenous vein

93
Q

Is the great saphenous vein medial or lateral

94
Q

Explain the passage of the great saphenous v

A

Travels along the medial leg, posteromedial knee and medial thigh

95
Q

Where does the great saphenous v start

A

Starts from big toe side on a arch (dorsal venous arch)

96
Q

Great saphenous vein drains into what

A

Draining into femoral v via saphenous opening in fascia lata

97
Q

Great saphenous v drains into the femoral via what

A

The saphenous opening in fascia lata

98
Q

What is a clinical application of great saphenous v

A

Varicose veins (valves don’t close)

99
Q

Which starts on the side of the big toe , lesser or greater saphenous

100
Q

Which starts on the side of the pinky toe, lesser or greater saphenous

101
Q

Does the lesser saphenous v starts medial or lateral

102
Q

Does the lesser saphenous vein travel anterior or posterior

103
Q

What does the lesser saphenous v drain into

A

Popliteal vein

104
Q

Where is popliteal vein located

A

In the poplitewlcfossa (behind knee)

105
Q

Lymphatic draining of lower limb follows along what and into what

A

along Venous system, ultimately into superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes

106
Q

Understand the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb

107
Q

Why is it a spiral pattern for the dermatones in the limb lower

A

Spiral pattern reflects limb development
( limb turns)

108
Q

dorsal venous arch on the foot is formed by the joining of what two veins

A

great and lesser saphenous

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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