lecture 20: posterior thigh, knee and popliteal fossa

Question 1

true or false: biceps femoris has 2 heads

Answer 1

yes means two head of femur

Question 2

what are the 2 heads of the biceps femoris

Answer 2

long and short head

Question 3

do the 2 heads of biceps femoris have a common origin or insetrtion

Answer 3

common insetion, seperate origions

Question 4

what is the origin of the LH of biceps femoris

Answer 4

ischial tuberocity

Question 5

what is the insertion of the LH of biceps femoris

Answer 5

head of the fibula

Question 6

what is the origin of the SH of the biceps femoris

Answer 6

posterior femur (linea aspera)

Question 7

what is the insertion of the SH of the biceps femoris

Answer 7

head of the fibula

Question 8

what is the common insertion of the LH and SH of bicpes fmeoris

Answer 8

head of the fibula

Question 9

does the biceps femoris lie lateral or medial

Answer 9

lateral

Question 10

what is the common origin of the hamstrings

Answer 10

ischial tuberocity (excep short head of biceps femoris)

Question 11

all hamstring muscles have a common origin on the ishal tubercoity except whta muscle

Answer 11

SH of the biceps femoris

Question 12

what is the common action of the hamstring muscles

Answer 12

hip extension
knee flexion
(except SH of biceps femoris does not contribute to hip extension)

Question 13

true of false and explain: all the hamstring muscles can contribute to hip extension AND knee flexion

Answer 13

false,
(except SH of biceps femoris does not contribute to hip extension)

Question 14

the lever arm for the biceps femoris is located behind or infront of joint and what does that mean

Answer 14

behind the joint
means it will to knee flexion

Question 15

what are the 2 medial muscles of the hamstrings

Answer 15

semitendinosus
semimembranosis

Question 16

what is the origin of sem tendinodis

Answer 16

isciah ltub

Question 17

what is the origin of the semi membranosis

Answer 17

ischial tub

Question 18

what is the insertion of the semi tendionosus

Answer 18

antermedial tibia (pes anserinus)

Question 19

what is the insertion of the semimembranosis

Answer 19

posteromedial tibia

Question 20

which hamstring muscle inserts as part of the pes anserinus

Answer 20

the semi tendinosus

Question 21

semitendinosus lies most posterior or anterior in the pes ansirunus

Answer 21

posterio

Question 22

what are the 3 tendons in pes anserinus

Answer 22

sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus

Question 23

which hamstring muscle is more medial

Answer 23

semimembranosus

Question 24

true of false: the hamstrings do not contribute to the popliteal fossa

Answer 24

false, they contribute to the superior (M/L) borders of the popliteal

Question 25

the hamstrings contribute to what borders of the popliteal

Answer 25

the superior (M/L)

Question 26

which hamstrings in particular make up the superior botdrs of the popliteal

Answer 26

semimembranosus (M) biceps femoris (L)

Question 27

hamstrings are innervated by what n

Answer 27

sciatic (L4-S3)

Question 28

what is the nerve contribution to the sciatic n

Answer 28

L4-S3

Question 29

the posterior compartment of the thigh receives blood supply from what

Answer 29

perforating arteries of the deep femoral

Question 30

the perforating arteries that innervate the posterior thigh branched off what a

Answer 30

deep femoral

Question 31

what allows the perforating aa to travel from anterior to psoterior around the back of the femur s

Answer 31

openings in the adductor magnus

Question 32

femoral a passes through what in the thigh to become popliteal

Answer 32

adductor hiatus

Question 33

what are the 3 articulations of the knee joint

Answer 33

femoral condyles and tibial plateaus (2: right and left) patella (sesamoid bone) with paterlla groove of the gemur

Question 34

femoral condyles articulate with what at the knee

Answer 34

tibiial plateaus

Question 35

patella is what kind of bone

Answer 35

sesamoid

Question 36

where does the patella articualte with

Answer 36

the paterallar groove of the femur

Question 37

what is the purpose of the large synovial cavity at yhe knee

Answer 37

need cavity to stretch when going 180 flexion =large to accomadate ROM

Question 38

what is patellofemoral pain syndrome aka

Answer 38

runners knee

Question 39

what is patellofemoral pain syndrome

Answer 39

misallignment of the patella in the femoral trochlea

Question 40

where is paterllofemoral pain syndrome most common

Answer 40

laterally More large

Question 41

what is a cause of patellofemoral pain syndrome

Answer 41

muscle imbalance in the quadricepts

Question 42

what is treatment of the patellofemoral pain sydrome

Answer 42

strengthening of quadriceps (ex: vastus medialis) to restore proper tracking of the patella in the patellar groove, compensate for potentially stronger laterallis

Question 43

the collateral ligaments of the knee (tibiofemoral) are intra or extra capsulate ligaments

Answer 43

extracapsular

Question 44

what does the medial tibial collateral lig (MCL) attach to

Answer 44

medial femoral epicondyle proximal tibia medial meniscus

Question 45

what does the lateral tibial collateral lig (LCL) attach to

Answer 45

lateral femoral epicondyle head of fibula

Question 46

what type of joint is the knee

Answer 46

modifed condylar (not the most stable)

Question 47

which (LCL or MCL) is more round shaped

Answer 47

LCL

Question 48

true or false: the LCL is completely outside the joint capsule

Answer 48

true

Question 49

which (MCL/LCL) is completely outside of the joint capsule

Answer 49

LCL

Question 50

the LCL or MCL is cord like

Answer 50

LCL

Question 51

which (LCL/MCL) is a flat band

Answer 51

MCL

Question 52

the MCL attaches to what

Answer 52

the joint capsule

Question 53

the MCL has a firm attahcment to what

Answer 53

the medial meniscus

Question 54

what is more commonly injured, LCL or MCL

Answer 54

MCL

Question 55

after the patella, the quadriceps tendon is considered what

Answer 55

patella ligament

Question 56

the cruciate ligaments are intra or extra cepsular

Answer 56

intra (but outside the synvoail membrane)

Question 57

true or false: the crucial ligaments are intracapsula but outside synovial memrbaen

Answer 57

true

Question 58

which is intracapsular, crucial or colalteral ligaments of the knee

Answer 58

cruciate

Question 59

what are the cruciate ligaments

Answer 59

anterior and posterior cruciate

Question 60

what is the function of the cruciate ligaments

Answer 60

limits anterior (ACL) or psoterial (PCL) translateion of tibia relative to femure

Question 61

explain the direction of the PCL

Answer 61

forward upward medial (FUM)

Question 62

explain the direction of the ACL

Answer 62

backward upward lateral (BUL)

Question 63

ACL limits what

Answer 63

limits anterior displacement of tiba on fixed femur

Question 64

PCL limits what

Answer 64

limits posterior displacement of tibia on femur

Question 65

what do both the ACL and PCL work together to assist with

Answer 65

with rotational stability of th eknee

Question 66

what is the function of the drawer tests

Answer 66

assessing tibia movement relative to femu

Question 67

what is the anterior drawer sign

Answer 67

ACL prevents femur from sliding posterior hyperextension of the knee limits medial rotation

Question 68

what is the posterior drawer sign

Answer 68

PCL prevents femur from sliding anterionr

Question 69

wht posterior and anterior drawers tests are tested with what leg

Answer 69

flexed leg

Question 70

where are the knee menisci located

Answer 70

inside fibrous capsule, but outside the synovial cavity

Question 71

what are menisci

Answer 71

fibrocartilagenous discs (wedge-shaped in coronal section) that provide cushioning for the knee and enhance joint congruence of the femoral and tibial condylar surfaces

Question 72

which menisci is attached to the MCL

Answer 72

medial

Question 73

whcih menisi is relatively immobile

Answer 73

medial menisci

Question 74

true or false: the lateral menisci is relateive immboilate

Answer 74

false, the medial is

Question 75

which (medial or lateral) meniscus is crescent shaped

Answer 75

medial

Question 76

which menisi is fairly mbile

Answer 76

lateral

Question 77

which menisuc is circualr shaoe

Answer 77

lateral (almost complete O)

Question 78

during knee extension, where does the lateral meniscus move

Answer 78

pushed anterior to joint

Question 79

what are the 5 bursa of the knee

Answer 79

prepatellar bursa deep infrapatellar bursa superficial intrapatella bursa lateral bursa medial bursa

Question 80

what is the suprapatella puch

Answer 80

superior continuation of the synovail cavity

Question 81

medial bursae of knee is associated with what structures

Answer 81

anseris semimembranosis

Question 82

what is the function of the bursae of the knee

Answer 82

lumbricate and reduce friction for large rom

Question 83

what msucle allows the screw home mechanism

Answer 83

popliteus

Question 84

in locking (knee fully extension), what is the motion of the femur

Answer 84

medial rotation

Question 85

in unlocking (initiating knee flexion), what is the motion of the femur

Answer 85

lateral rotation

Question 86

medial rotation of femur in locking or unlocking

Answer 86

locking (knee fully extended)

Question 87

lateral rotation of femur in locking or unlocking

Answer 87

initioning knee flexion

Question 88

what is the origin of the popliteus

Answer 88

lateral femoral condyle (deep to LCL)

Question 89

what is the insertin of the popliteaus m

Answer 89

above soleal line on posterior tibia

Question 90

the popliteus is involved in what fucntion

Answer 90

unlocking of ht knee

Question 91

what is the superior border of the popliteal fossa

Answer 91

semimembranosus (medial) bicep femoris (latearl)

Question 92

what is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa

Answer 92

gastrocnemus (maybe plantaris)

Question 93

what are the nerve contents of the popliteal fossa

Answer 93

sicatic n (splits into tibial n and common fibular n) medial and lateral sural cutaneus

Question 94

where does sciatic n end

Answer 94

near superior border of popliteal fossa

Question 95

what does the sicantic split into

Answer 95

tibial n (remains middle) common fibular (latearl)

Question 96

lateral sural cuteranous brances off what

Answer 96

common fibular

Question 97

medial sural cuteanous branches off what

Answer 97

tibial n

Question 98

tibial n dives deep under what muscle

Answer 98

gastroc

Question 99

what are the vascular and lymphatic contents

Answer 99

popliteal a popliteal v (lesser saphenous) popliteal lymphnodes

Question 100

femoral a and vein become popliteal when

Answer 100

as they pass trhough adductor hiatus

Question 101

lesser sapgenous vein branches off what

Answer 101

popliteal v

Question 102

where do the popliteal lymmphnodes drain

Answer 102

into popliteal v

Question 103

the genicular artries form an anastomosis around what

Answer 103

the patella and surronding joint

Question 104

what are the genicular arteries off the popliteal a

Answer 104

superior medial and lateral genicular inferior medial and lateral genicular