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315 - anatomy > lecture 21: leg and foot (bones and joints) > Flashcards

lecture 21: leg and foot (bones and joints) Flashcards

1
Q

how many joints are there in the legs

A

3

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2
Q

what are the 3 joints of the leg

A

proximal tibiofibular
middle tibiofibular
distal tibiofinular

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3
Q

what type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular

A

synovial plane and gliding

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4
Q

true or fasel: there is alot of movement at the proximal tibiofibular jt

A

false, limited movement

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5
Q

what are the two ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular

A

posterior and anterior ligament of the head of fibula
(anchors to tibia)

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6
Q

what is the connective tissue membrane in the lower leg

A

interosseus membrane

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7
Q

what type of joint is the middle tibiofibular

A

syndesmosis

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8
Q

wht is the function of the interosseus membrane of the leg

A

anchors the bones together

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9
Q

what type of joint is the distal tibiofibular

A

syndesmosis

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10
Q

what are the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular lig

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular lig
transverse tibiofibular lig

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11
Q

what is the shape at the distal leg

A

U shape bracket for ankle joint

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12
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the foot

A

phalanges
metatarsals
tarsals

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13
Q

how many phalanges are there

A

14

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14
Q

what does hallux mean

A

big toe

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15
Q

true or flase, every finger has 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, fistal)

A

false, hallux only has two
(proximal, distal)

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16
Q

how many metatarsal are there

A

5

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17
Q

what are the intermediate bones between phalanfes and tarsals

A

metatarsals

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18
Q

where is metatarsal 1 in line with

A

big toe

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19
Q

true or false: metatarsal 1 is lateral

A

false, medial

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20
Q

how many tarsal are there &

A

7

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21
Q

what is equivalent to the carpals in the hand but in the foot

A

tarsals

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22
Q

what makes up the forefoot

A

metatarsalss and phalanges

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23
Q

what makes up the midfood

A

cuneiforms
navicular
cuboid

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24
Q

what makes up the hindfoot

A

talus and calcaneus

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25
Q

what are the 3 cuneiforms

A

medial
intermediate
lateral

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26
Q

whcich foot bone is most medial

A

navicular

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27
Q

which foot bone is most lateral

A

cboid

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28
Q

what part of the tarsals does articulation with the tibia and fibula

A

talus

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29
Q

what makes up the heel bone

A

calcaneus

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30
Q

what is the function of the calcaneous

A

increases lever arm for gastroc and soleus

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31
Q

what is the acronym for the bones of the foot tarsals

A

Tiny Cats Need MILC

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32
Q

how many sesmoid bones are there in the foot

A

2

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33
Q

what is the function of the sesmoid bones in the big toe

A

increase lever arm for the hallux digital flexors
=increases torque

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34
Q

what are common injuries of the sesamoids

A

sesamoiditis, sesamoid fractures q

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35
Q

what stance puts alot of pressure on the sesamoids

A

catchers stance
(being in extra dorsiflexion)

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36
Q

what type of foot strike can increase sesmoid injuryt

A

forefoot strike in running
(ball of foot gets all loading)

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37
Q

how many arches are there in the foot

A

3

38
Q

what are arch functions

A

load absorption, increased rigidity for propulsion
energy storage

39
Q

what are the 3 arches of the foot

A

medial longitudinal arch
lateral longitudinal arch
transverse arch

40
Q

what is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch

A

talus

41
Q

what is the keystone of the lateral long arch

A

cuboid

42
Q

which arch is less significant

A

lateral
(shallower)

43
Q

what is a keystone of the arches function

A

allows arch to be weightbearing

44
Q

transverse arch is made up of what bones

A

cuneiforms and cuboids

45
Q

what is the keystone of the transverse arch

A

intermediate cunieform

46
Q

true or false: are the arches unique for humasn

A

yes, necessary for bipedalgait

47
Q

passive support for the arches of the foot is from what

A

ligaments

48
Q

what soft tissues allow for longitudinal arch support

A

spring ligament (calcaneonavicular)
short plantar lig
long plantar lig

49
Q

short plantar lig extends where to where

A

calcaneous to cuboid

50
Q

long plantar lig extends where to where

A

calceanus to the base of lateral metatarsals

51
Q

fibularis longus tendon passes under what ligament

A

long plantar

52
Q

what soft tissues provide transverse arch support

A

tibialus posterior tendon
fibularis longus tendon

53
Q

what is the true ankle joint

A

talocrural joint

54
Q

what makes up the borders of the u shape for ankle joint

A

medial and lateral malleolus

55
Q

understand talus of troclea fitting between malleoli

A
56
Q

the talocrural joint is what type of joint

A

complex synovial hinge joint (3 articulating bones)

57
Q

what are the 3 articulating bones of the talocrural joint

A

tibia, fibula, talus

58
Q

explain dorsiflexion

A

decrease in the angle measuring from the dorsum of the foot

59
Q

explain plantarflexion

A

decrease in the angle measuring from the plantar surface of the foot

60
Q

medial collateral ligament of the ankle is aka

A

deltoid ligament

61
Q

where does the medial collateral ligament extend from

A

tibia to talus and calcaneus

62
Q

what 3 ligaments make up the deltoid ligament

A

1) tibionavicular
2) anterior tibiotalar
3) posterior tibiotalar

63
Q

the anterior tibiotalar lig prevents what movement

A

limits plantarflexion

64
Q

the posterior tibiotalar lig prevents what movement

A

limits dorsiflexion

65
Q

what are the ligaments of the lateral colalteral lig

A

anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibq

66
Q

what motion does the anterior talofibular limit

A

limit plantarflexion

67
Q

where does the lateral collateral lig extend from

A

extend from fibula to talus and calcaneus

68
Q

what do the calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligs limit in motion

A

limit dorsiflexion

69
Q

what type of joints are the DIP and PIP of the foot

A

hinge joints

70
Q

what type of joints are the metatarsophalangeal joitns

A

condylloid/ellipsoidal

71
Q

what type of joints are the tarsometatarsal joints

A

plane/gliding

72
Q

what joints make the boundary between forefoot and midfoot

A

tarsometatarsal

73
Q

tranverse tarsal joint is made up of what 2 joints

A

calcaneocuboid joint

74
Q

what type of joint is the calcaneocuboid joint

A

plane/gliding joints

75
Q

what forms the boundary between hindfoot and midfoot

A

transverse tarsal joint

76
Q

what is the function of the talonavicualr joint

A

contributes to motion of more complex talocalcaneonaviuclar joint

77
Q

what is the subtalar joint (another name)

A

talocalcaneonavicular joint

78
Q

how many articulartions/joints are there in the subtalar joint

A

4

79
Q

what type of joint is the talonavicular joints

A

ball and socket

80
Q

what type of joint is the middle and andterior talocalcaneal joint

A

gliding/planar

81
Q

what type of joints is the anatomic subtalar joint (posterior talocalcaneal joint)

A

gliding/planar

82
Q

what motion is possible at the talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

eversion
inversion

83
Q

what is inversion

A

lifting the medial plantar surface of the foot

84
Q

what is eversion

A

lifting the lateral plantar surface of the foot

85
Q

where does inversion/eversion occur

A

at the subtalar/TCN joint
(not the ankle joint)

86
Q

in the TCN joint, at the front, what type of joint is it

A

ball and socket

87
Q

in the TCN joint, at the back, what type of joint is it

A

gliding

88
Q

what is pronation a mix of (what movements)

A

dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

89
Q

what is supination a mix of

A

plantarflexion, inversion, adduction

90
Q

what is pronation vs supination of the foot

A

complex combination of movemetns at the ankle (D/P) and talocalcaneonavicular joints (E/I) and other joints of the foot (Ab/AD)

91
Q

what is pronation and supination important for

A

normal movements during gait
ex: to distribute/transfer weight properly, to comfrom to uneven surfaces

92
Q

overpronation or underpronation (supination) during gait or stance can lead to waht

A

foot and leg injuries
including arch collapse

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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