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Human Gross Anatomy > Lecture 4.4 - The Neck: Bones, Muscles, Vessel, Nerves > Flashcards

Lecture 4.4 - The Neck: Bones, Muscles, Vessel, Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the neck?

A
  • C1-C7: C1 (atlas), C2 (axis)
  • hyiod bone
  • manubrium
  • clavicles
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2
Q

What are the typical characteristics of a cervical vertebrae?

A
  • transverse foramen are large; vertebral arteries pass through it
  • spinous process of C3 to C6 are short and bifid; superior and inferior vertebral notches are equal in size
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3
Q

Which ligament prevents hyperflexion of vertebral column?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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4
Q

What do alar ligaments connect?

A
  • the occipital bone.
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5
Q

What happens if transverse ligaments rupture?

A

dens can be driven into spinal cord causing quadriplegia, or into medulla causing sudden death

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6
Q

What do the transverse ligament of atlas connect?

A

connect to tubercles for transverse ligament of atlas

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7
Q

Why are neck injuries potentially serious?

A

because of possibility of fracture vertebrae, compression of transection of cord and disclocations

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8
Q

What are the functions of the hyoid bone?

A
  • to raise and lower larynx

- provide stable platform for tongue

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9
Q

Platysma (AN)

A

A: depresses mandible and tenses skin of lower face and neck
N: CN VII (facial)
- it is used to express sadness, horror, or fright
- also used in violent deep inspirations (after a 200 m dash)

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10
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (OINA)

A

O: anterior manubirum and superior medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: lateral mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
N: CN XI
A: unilaterally: tilts head to its own side, rotates head; bilaterally: extends atlanto-occipital joint, flexes neck

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11
Q

What is Torticollis?

A

or wry neck

- shortened sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

Trapezius (OINA)

A

O: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, spinous process of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromiun, and spine of scapula
N: CN XI
A: superior fibers extend (hyperextend) neck

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13
Q

What is the cervical plexus formed by? What does it innervate?

A
  • formed by ventral rami of C1-C5
  • is found deep to the sternocleidomastoid
  • innervates skin of neck, infrahyoid muscles, and diaphragm
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14
Q

Splenius Capitis (OINA)

A

O: nuchal ligament and spinous process of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
I: mastoid process and nuchal line
A: laterally bends (flexes) and rotates head and neck to same side; acting together they extend the neck and head
N: posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

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15
Q

Levator Scapulae (OINA)

A

O: transverse process of C1-C4
I: superior part of medial border of scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve and C1-C4
A: unilaterally flexes neck laterally; bilaterally extends/hyperextends neck

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16
Q

Posterior scalene (OINA)

A

O: transverse process of C4-C6
I: external border of 2nd rib
N: C7-C8
A: flexes neck laterally; elevates 2nd ribs

17
Q

Middle Scalene (OINA)

A

O: transverse process of C3-C7
I: superior surface of 1st rib
N: anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve
A: flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib

18
Q

Anterior Scalene (OINA)

A

O: transverse process of C3-C6
I: 1st rib
N: C4-C6
A: elevates 1st rib; laterally flexes and rotates neck

19
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • common carotid artery
    • internal carotid artery
    • external carotid artery
  • carotid sinus: monitors BP
  • carotid body: monitors oxygen
  • vagus n.
  • glossopharyngeal n.
20
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric (posterior/anterior belly)
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
21
Q

Digastric (OINA)

A

O: anterior: inner surface of anterior mandible; posterior: mastoid notch (on medial surface of mastoid process on temporal bone)
I: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid bone
A: depresses mandible, raises hyoid and steadies it during speaking and swallowing
N: anterior (CN V3 mandibular), posterior (CN VII facial)

22
Q

Mylohyoid (OINA)

A

O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: median raphne and body of hyoid
A: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking
N: CN V3

23
Q

Geniohyoid (OINA)

A

O: inferior mental spine of mandible (deep to the mylohyoid)
I: body of hyoid bone
A: pulls hyoid bone anteriorly/superiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx
N: ventral ramus of C1

24
Q

Stylohyoid (OINA)

A

O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: body of hyoid bone
A: elevates and retracts hyoid bone, thereby elongating mouth
N: CN VII facial

25
Q

Which muscles do the mandibular division of trigeminal innervate?

A

anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid

26
Q

Which muscels doe the facial nerve innervate?

A

posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid

27
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

also called strap muscles and all of the depress the hyoid and larynx
- sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

28
Q

What are the cartilages of the larynx?

A

9 total

  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • epiglottic
  • arytenoid (2)
  • corniculate (2)
  • cuneiform (2)
29
Q

Sternohyoid (OINA)

A

O: manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
I: body of hyoid
A: depresses hyoid bone after it has been elevated during swallowing
N: C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

30
Q

Omohyoid (OINA)

A

O: superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
I: inferior border of hyoid bone
A: depresses, steadies, and retracts hyoid
N: C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

31
Q

Sternothyroid (OINA)

A

O: posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
A: depresses thyroid cartilage
N: C2-C3 via ana cervicalis

32
Q

Longus Colli (OINA)

A

O: anterior bodies of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
I: TP of C3-C6
N: C2-C6
A: bilaterally flexes neck; unilaterally rotates neck

33
Q

Longus Capitis (OINA)

A

O: occipital bone
I: TP oc C3-C6
N: C1-C3
A: bilaterally flexes head; unilaterally rotates head

34
Q

Rectus capitis anterior (OINA)

A

O: lateral mass of atlas
I: basilar part of occipital bone
N: C1-C2
A: flexes atlanto-occipital joint

35
Q

Rectus capitus lateralis (OINA)

A

O: TP of atlas
I: lateral occipital bone
N: C1-C2
A: flexes atlanto-occipital joint; stabilizes the head

Human Gross Anatomy (17 decks)

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