Lecture 3.4 - Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards
What are the anterior thigh muscles innervated by and what are their general actions?
- usually hip flexors and knee extensors
- usually innervated by femoral nerve
What are the anterior thigh muscles
- pectineus
- sartorius
- iliopsoas
- quadriceps femoris
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis/medialis/intermedius
Psoas major (OINA)
O: transverse process, intervertebral discs, and bodies of T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter of femur
N: L1-L3
A: flexes thigh and stabilizes trunk
Iliacus (OINA)
O: superior 2/3 iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter of femur
N: femoral nerve
A: flexes thigh and stabilizes trunk
Sartorius (OINA)
O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: superior medial tibia
N: femoral nerve
A: flexes hip; abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee
What characteristics do all quadriceps femoris share?
- all insert onto quadricep femoris tendon which inserts into patella
- only the rectus femoris spans 2 joints
- the other 3 span only the knee joint (extending it)
- all innervated by femoral nerve
- quadriceps are used in climbing, running, jumping, and rising from a chair
Rectus femoris (OINA)
O: AIIS and ilium
I: base of patella
N: femoral nerve
A: extends knee; flexes thigh
Vastus lateralis (OINA)
O: intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera
I: base of patella
N: femoral nerve
A: extends knee
Vastus intermedius (OINA)
O: anterior and lateral surface of shaft of femur
I: base of patlla
N: femoral nerve
A: extends knee
Vastus medialis (OINA)
O: intertrochanteric line and medial linea aspera
I: base of patella
N: femoral nerve
A: extends knee
What are the patellar ligaments?
- tendons of the quadriceps form the quadriceps tendon which attaches to the patella
- continues as patellar ligament (tendon) attaching to tibial tuberosity
What is the patella? How is it formed? Articulate with? Compartments?
- large sesamoid bone, triangular shape
- formed intratendinously within quadriceps tendon
- articulate with femur, but not tibia
- base, medial and lateral border, apex
What is the quadricep reflex?
- when the patellar ligament is tapped briskly, contraction of quadriceps is elicited resulting in extension of knee joint
- exaggeration, slowing, or absence of the reaction suggests that there may be damage to the central nervous system
What is the function of the patella?
- causes the force of generated by the quadriceps femoris to be more parallel to the line of action on the tibia
- at birth it is cartilagenous and become ossified between 3-6 years of age
What are the medial thigh muscles and their main action?
- adductor group”
– adductor longs/brevis
– adductor magnus adductor/hamstring
– gracilis
– obturator externus
Their main action is adduction of thigh
What is the innervation of medial thigh muscles?
- usually innervated by obturator nerve
- exception being adductor magnus hamstring innervated by tibial nerve part of sciatic nerve
What is a pulled groin?
stretching, straining, and tearing away of tendinous origin adductors
Adductor longus (OINA)
O: pubis, inferior to pubic crest
I: middle third of linea aspera
N: obturator nerve
A: adducts thigh
Adductor brevis (OINA)
O: body and inferior ramus of pubs
I: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
N: obturator nerve
A: adducts thigh
Obturator externus (OINA)
O: outer surface of obturator membrane, bony boundaries of obturator formane
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
N: obturator nerve
A: lateral rotation of thigh
Adductor magnus (OINA)
O: inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium; ischial tuberosity
I: gluteal tuberostu; linea aspera (adductor); adductor tubercle (hamstring)
N: obturator nerve (adductor); tibial nerve (hamstring)
A: adducts thigh (adductor); extends thigh (hamstring)
What is the adductor hiatus?
- opening at inferior insertion of adductor magnus
- forms the inferior end of adductor canal (Hunter’s canal) through which the femoral vessels pass
Gracilis (OINA)
O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: superior part of medial surface of tibia
N: obturator nerve
A: adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg
It is a weak adductor and the only one in the group to cross knee joint
