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Human Gross Anatomy > Lecture 4.3 - Muscles of eyes, mastication, soft palate, and tongue > Flashcards

Lecture 4.3 - Muscles of eyes, mastication, soft palate, and tongue Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lacrimal apparatus?

A

the path of a tear from the lacrimal gland to the nasal cavity

  • lacrimal gland produces tear (parasympathetic from facial nerve)
  • lacriman ducts, surface of eye, lacrimale lake/puncta/canaliculi/sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity inferior to the inferior concha
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2
Q

What are the muscles of eye movement?

A
  • 6 ocular muscles move the eyeball – 4 straight and 2 oblique
  • the 4 rectus muscles arise by a common tendinous ring
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3
Q

Where does the tendon of superior oblique muscles run through?

A
  • through a fibrocartilaginous loos called trochlea and then inserts into the sclera of eyeball
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4
Q

Inferior oblique eye muscle (OINA)

A

O: orbital plate of maxilla
I: sclera of eye
N: Oculomotor
A: elevates and laterally deviates gaze

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5
Q

Superior oblique eye muscle (OINA)

A

O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera of eye
N: trochlear
A: depresses and laterally deviates gaze

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6
Q

Inferior Rectus eye muscle (OINA)

A

O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera of eye
N: oculomotor
A: depresses and medially deviates gaze

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7
Q

Lateral Rectus eye muscle (OINA)

A

O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera of eye
N: abducens
A: laterally deviates gaze

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8
Q

Media Rectus eye muscle (OINA)

A

O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera of eye
N: oculomotor
A: medially deviates haze

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9
Q

Superior Rectus eye muscle (OINA)

A

O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera of eye
N: oculomotor
A: elevated and medially deviates gaze

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10
Q

What are the extraocular muscle functions?

A
  • once the eye is adducted, the superior and inferior obliques work best to lower and raise the eye
  • once the eye is abducted, the superior and inferior recti work best to raise and lower the eye
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11
Q

What muscles are needed to look directly upwards?

A

both superior rectus and inferior oblique

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12
Q

What muscles are needed to look directly down?

A

both inferior rectus and superior oblique

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the trigeminal nerve and its 3 branches?

A
  • main sensory nerve for head
  • motor nerve for the muscles of mastication
  • 3 large branches:
    • to the area above and media to the eye (sensory)
    • the the maxillary region (sensory)
    • to the mandibular region (sensory and motor)
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14
Q

What happens if there is a lesion in the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • causes anesthesia of corresponding areas of scalp, face, cornea, conjunctiva, nose, mouth and tongue and also paralysis of muscles of mastication; when mouth is opened mandible moves to paralyzed side
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15
Q

Temporalis (OIA)

A

O: floor of temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible
A: anterior and posterior fibers elevate mandible; posterior fibers retract mandible

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16
Q

Masseter (OIA)

A

O: zygomatic arch
I: lateral surface of mandible
A: elevates and protrudes mandible; deep fibers retrude mandible

17
Q

Medial pterygoid (OIA)

A

O: tuberosity of maxilla and lateral pterygoid plate
I: medial surface of angle of mandible
N: elevates and help protrude mandible

18
Q

Lateral pterygoid (OIA)

A

O: upper head: greater wing of sphenoid; lower head: lateral pterygoid plate
I: neck of mandible and articular disc, capsule of TM jiont
A: protrude mandible and produce side-to-side movement

19
Q

What muscles are used in protraction/retraction of jaw?

A

Protraction: lateral pterygoid, little bit of medial pterygoid, masseter
Retraction: posterior fibers of temporalis, deep part of masseter, geniohyoid, digastric

20
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

formed by head of mandible, mandibular fossa, and articular tubercle of temporal bone

21
Q

What muscles are used in elevation and depression of jaw?

A

Elevation: (biting movement) temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
Depression gravity, lateral pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid

22
Q

What muscles contracts when move the mandible to one side?

A
  • temporal of same side
  • medial/lateral pterygoid of opposite side
  • masseter of same side
23
Q

What kind of joint is the TMJ?

A
  • hinge and gliding joint
  • forward gliding and hinge-like rotation
  • when the mouth is opened, the head and the articular disc move forward until the head lies inferior to the articular tubercle
24
Q

What is the muscle movement at the TMJ?

A
  • lateral pterygoid pulls head of mandible anteriorly
  • head (condyle) and articular disc slide anteriorly
  • occurs when mouth opens a lot
  • wears on the bone and/or cartilage can cause pain
  • can be confused with ear pain
25
Q

How is the TMJ dislocated and its symptoms?

A
  • TMJ is easily dislocated
  • usually dislocates anteriorly, especially when yawning or taking a large bite
  • the person is then unable to close the mouth
  • also dislocated during tooth extraction or by a blow to the chin when mouth is open (usually bilateral)
26
Q

How is the TMJ damage occured?

A
  • powerful compressive forces act on TMJ
  • can occur from:
    • frequently chewing gum
    • frequently chewing heard foods like nuts, hard vegetables, toothpicks
    • grinding teeth
    • nail biting
27
Q

Which muscles elevate mandible and close mouth?

A

temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid

28
Q

Which muscles pull mandible anteriorly and opens mouth?

A

lateral pterygoid and anterior belly of the digastric

29
Q

Which muscles tenses the floor and roof of mouth

A

mylohyoid and tensor veli palatini

30
Q

What does the oral palate form? What does it consist of?

A
  • forms the roof of the mouth and floor or nasal cavity.
  • consists of:
    • hard palate: anterior, immobile
    • soft palate: posterior, mobile, tip of uvula
31
Q

What is the hard palate formed by?

A
  • the palatine process of maxillae and horizontal process of palatine bones; it is arched
32
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A
  • also called velum palatinum
  • tensor veli palatini
    • tenses soft palate, opens pharyngotympanic tube, CN V3
  • levator veli palatini
    • elevates soft palate, CN X
33
Q

Function and innervation of uvular, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus?

A
  • Uvular elevates uvula, CN X
  • Palatopharyngeus elevates pharynx, CN X
  • Palatoglossus elevates tongu, CN X
34
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of tongue with function and innervation?

A
  • all innervated by CN XII
  • Styloglossus retracts and elevates tongu
  • Genioglossus protrudes and depresses tongue
  • Hypoglossus retracts and depresses tongu
35
Q

What are the salivary glands and ducts innervated by?

A
  • innervated by parasympathetic fibers
  • from facial nerve: submandibular gland, sublingual gland
  • from glossopharyngeal: parotid gland

Human Gross Anatomy (17 decks)

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