Lecture 2.4 - abdominal organs, posterior abdominal wall Flashcards
What is the liver and its function?
- largest internal organ and gland of the body
- function:
- bile production and secretion
- detoxification
- blood-clotting mechanism
- storage
- bare area in direct contact with diaphragm (not covered by peritoneum)
How is the liver divided?
Divided into:
- left and right lobes (L/R), quadrate lobe (Q), caudate lobe (C), the quadrate and caudate lobes are functionally part of the left side
Divided by:
- falciform ligament separates R from L
- gallbladder and porta hepatis separate quadrate and caudate
What is the Hepatic portal system?
- liver receives blood from GI tract through the portal vein, bringing the products of digestion
- hepatic veins then empty blood from liver to IVC
Where is the Gallbaladder? What does it consist of and what are its functions?
- pear-shaped sac that lies on inferior surface of liver
- consists of: funds, body, neck (gives rise to cystic duct)
- functions:
- receives, stores, concentrates, and expels bile
- bile emulsifies fat (breaks it into small particles to make digestion more efficient)
Where is the pancreas? What is its functions?
- lies posterior to stomach between duodenum on right and spleen on left
- functions:
- produces digestive enzymes and empties into duodenum through pancreatic duct
- secretes insulin and glucagon directly into blood
- divided into head, neck, body, and tail
What is the pancreatic duct?
- joins with bile duct
- forms hepatopancreatic ampulla - funnel shaped
- expels bile and pancreatic digestive enzymes into duodenum
Where is the spleen and what are its functions?
- large lymphatic organ
- lies against diaphragm and ribs 9-11 on left side
- functions:
- filters blood
- stores red corpuscles
- produces lymphocytes and antibodies
What happens when spleen ruptures?
- occurs in trauma as in football players when tackled from left side.
- spleen also ruptures easily when enlarged (splenomegaly) as in infection mononeucleosis; malaria or speticemia; requires splenectomy
What is the course for the Splenic artery?
- takes a tortuous cours posterior to the omental bursa, anterior to left kidney, and along the superior border of pancreas
Where are the Kidneys? Function?
- retroperitoneal
- right kidney: lower due to liver, located at 12th rib
- left kidney: located at 11-12th ribs
- removes excess water and salts from blood
- returns nutrients to the blood
What are the components of the Internal anatomy of kidneys?
- nephrons are located in renal pyramids
- pathway of urine: minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
- kidneys located behind ribs 11&12 and can be injured if these ribs are fractured
What is the Ureter? What can it cause?
- retroperitoneal throughout its length; serves the passage of urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
- can cause ureteric colic when rapidly distended by passage of ureteric calculus (stones)
Which branches of arteries of the posterior abdomen are paired and unpaired?
- paired parietal (segmental): subcostal, inferior phrenic, lumbar, spinal arteries
- paired visceral: suprarenal, renal, testicular/ovarian arteries)
- unpaired visceral: celiac trunk, superior/inferior mesenteric a.)
- unpaired parietal: median sacral
Where is the celiac trunk and what does it supply?
- celiac trunk: branches into splenic artery, common hepatic artery, and left gastric artery
- supplies liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, and esophagus
What arteries branch off the Superior mesenteric artery?
- jejunal a supplies jejunum
- ilial a. supplies ilium
- ilecoclic a. supplies cecum
- r colic a. supplies ascending colon
- middle colic a. supplies transverse colon
