lecture 4 Flashcards
four characteristics of human movement.
flexible, unique, consistent and modifiable.
flexible characteristics
principle of motor equivalence
uniqueness characteristic
no two movements are the sake, subtle changes in posture and movement.
two different context conditioned variability
internal non-linearities (central drive, elastic properties of locomotor apparatus)
external non-linearities (changes in force and their directions between movements)
consistency characteristic
in general, the temporal and spatial pattern of movement(s) remains similar.
advantage and disadvantage of consistency
advantage - effortless
disadvantage - can fatigue (sore wrist)
modifiability
the capability to alter movement patterns, during motion and in various environments. (changing the way we do things in the middle of an activity)
serial movement
group of discrete skills to make a new and complex movement. i.e. lay up in bball
discrete movement
breif, well-defined actions with a clear beginning and end, with a single goal. (darts)
continuous movement
the skill is repeated like a cycle. (run on a treadmill)
stability of environment
low - open skill
high - closed skill.
coordination is…
is the function of constraining the components of the motor system into a behavioutal unit i.e., assembling coordinative structures (aka synergies)
control is…
is the function of determining the acceptable parameters for the coordinative structures (i.e., ROM. force and speed)
skill is…
the optimisation of coordinative structure behaviour.
how do we solve the problems of motor control.
by experiencying, developong anf learning postural control.
coordiniation - control - skill (newton, 1985)
how are coordinative structures/synergies constructed?
some are present at birth but moust are acquired with practice and experience.
feedback control
use of information received via sensory receptors to guide movement.
feedforward control
movements made based on anticipated distrubances in the system.
Anticipatory postural adjustement
APA. preparatory development of muscle tone and coordination to enable effective future movement. crucial for posture and balance in tasks.
compensatory/integrative postural adjustments (CPA/IPA)
muscle actions that enable continued effective behaviour. e.g. when someone pushes you you enable muslces to regain your balance
perceptual motor landscape.
Our perceptual motor landscape refers to the complex interplay between perception and action, shaped by our experiences and practice.
what do we decrease as we continue to practice and activities.
the context-conditioned variability to find more stable patterns of organisation, which represent the preferred and most efficient ways of performing tasks.
how does movement inform perception
heavy backpack - hill looks steeper.
how does movement enhance perception
Movement enhances perception by allowing individuals to gather more sensory input and expand their visual field. When we move, our eyes scan the environment, bringing new objects and scenes into view. This increased visual input provides a more comprehensive understanding of our surroundings, aiding in the perception of depth, distance, and spatial relationships.
