lecture 36

Question 1

what is cerebral

Answer 1

relating to the cerebrum

Question 2

palsy?

Answer 2

paralysis, especially that which is accompanied by involuntary tremors.

Question 3

what is spasticity

Answer 3

affected by muscle spasms.

Question 4

how do you get cerebral palsy?

Answer 4

premature birth, lack of enough blood and oxygen before or during birth, brain injury, and serious brain infection

Question 5

how many children get CP

Answer 5

one in 500.

Question 6

what does cerebral palsy affect?

Answer 6

ability to move and control posture.

Question 7

what percent are children with CP ambulatory

Answer 7

75%

Question 8

how many types of cerebral palsy are there

Answer 8

3

Question 9

what are the different types of CP

Answer 9

spastic (70-80)
dyskinetic (6%)
ataxic (6%)

Question 10

what are the three types in babies of CP

Answer 10

quadriplegia (legs and arms)
diplegia (legs)
hemiplegia (one side of the body)

Question 11

what are the different gait types in CP.

Answer 11

Type 1 – weak or paralysed/silent
dorsiflexors (= dropfoot) (true equinus)
Type 2 – type 1 + triceps surae
contracture (jump gait)
Type 3 – type 2 + hamstrings and/or Rectus Femoris spasticity (apparentequinus)
Type 4 – type 3 + spastic hip flexors and
adductors (crouch gait)

Question 12

gait problems in CP

Answer 12

decrease walking speed
decrease walking distance
balance problems
decrease ROM
etc

Question 13

how does physical training help young kids with CP.

Answer 13

children showed improved gross motor function, walking speed, and walking endurance.

Question 14

how does physical training help adolescents with CP.

Answer 14

Perceptions that strength, flexibility, posture, walking, and the ability to negotiate steps had improved.

Participants reported psychological benefits such as a feeling of increased well-being and improved participation in school and leisure activities

Question 15

how does whole body vibration help adults with CP.

Answer 15

Spasticity decreased in knee
extensors. Gross motor function
increased

Question 16

how does resistance training help adults with CP.

Answer 16

Muscle strength increased Six-Minute Walk Test and Timed Up and Go test did not change
significantly.

Question 17

what do children with DCD display

Answer 17

Children with DCD have poor coordination and clumsiness. Symptoms now acknowledged to persist in adolescence and adulthood

Question 17

what percent is affected with developmental coordination disorder.

Answer 17

Up to 5 – 6 % of children have DCD, 2% severely affected (more boys than
girls have DCD)

Question 18

Perceptual-motor skills affected with DCD include.

Answer 18

Handwriting
❖ Generating and monitoring internal
models of action
❖ Inability to mentally represent and
efficiently plan actions
❖ Gross motor skills and fundamental
movement skills
❖ Driving a car (adults)

Question 19

Guetiti et al (2024) – Impact of DCD on APAs.

Answer 19

limits stability task
DCD children - larger APAs, increased postural instability.

Question 20

what was it difficult for Guetiti et al (2024) to preduct in the Impact of DCD on APAs.

Answer 20

consequence of their actions

Question 21

do kids with DCD have lower physical activity ?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

what interventions are beneficial for DCD

Answer 22

task-orientated.
traditional physical therapy and occupational therapy.

Question 23

what wasnt signifigantly different for DCD and first graders or second.

Answer 23

speed of writing.

Question 24

chances of DS

Answer 24

1 in 800 children.

Question 25

how are children down syndrome

Answer 25

abnormal cell division results in extra genetic material from chromosomes 21 leading to people with down syndrome have 47 chromosomes, rather than 46.

Question 26

two major forms of DS

Answer 26

trisomy 21 and mosaic.

Question 27

motor behaviour issues with DS

Answer 27

reduces muscle tone and joint laxity lead to reduced: gross motor control and fine motor skills.

Question 28

how long is the delay of walking with DS children

Answer 28

1 year.

Question 29

can training help with DS

Answer 29

treadmill training shown to help DS children walk sooner.
both strength and dynamic balance were increased after 12 week programme.

Question 30

what is the second most common neurodegenerative disease.

Answer 30

parkinsons

Question 31

how many people per 100,000 P

Answer 31

8-18

Question 32

is parkinsons hereditary

Answer 32

no less then 10% of cases are hereditary. only 12 genes linked to PD

Question 33

what is it a combination of to develop PD

Answer 33

genes and environment factors

Question 34

what does PD develop as a results of

Answer 34

Loss of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta
associated with dopamine (part of the basal ganglia)
❖ Presence of “Lewy Bodies” (globs of a protein called alphasynuclein found in neurons)

Question 35

symptoms of PD

Answer 35

akinesia (delayed movement)
bradykinesia (movement slowness)
hypokinesia ( reduced movement amplitude)
postural instability (impaired recovery)
stooped posture and tremor at rest.

Question 36

what causes CP

Answer 36

paralysis, spasticity or tremors resulting from damage to the cerebral cortex issues with coordination, posture and balance.