lecture 11 Flashcards
what does the limbic system include
amygdala, Cingulate Gyrus, parts of hypothalamus and hippocampus.
what is the role of the limbic system?
motivation, emotion, learning and memory. The emotion is a large part od what makes us want to act.
Influences the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system.
what controls our decision to perform a movement
the limbic system.
what does the decision to act depend on
goals, abilities, tendencies. sub/conscious decisions.
What does the association cortex do?
integrates sensory and motor functions.
- Auditory association cortex = next to primary auditory cortex, etc.
- Recognition of relevant inputs.
- Makes sense of input
- Integration of input into motor response.
what controls our response selection?
the association cortex. Retrieving a motor programme. Short/long term memory. Implicit/explicit.
to have a response to select or develop a plan what do we need to have?
we need to have already know or have an idea of a movement or action to do.
what is part of the projection system?
Includes Cerebral cortex, motor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area and parietal cortex. Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum.
what does scaling/fine tuning include?
Selecting appropriate parameters: Force, displacement, velocity, body segment, posture, muscle groups. Parameters depend on information from input: environment / body / task goal
what controls our fine tuning/scaling?
Projection system
the role of the spinal system in motor control?
Carry information from CNS to neuromuscular system (efferent)
Carry information from periphery to CNS (afferent)
Information processing at the spinal level: spinal reflexes.
spinal cord
Spinal cord: bundle of nerves running from brain to muscles & sensors
spinal colum
The major function of the vertebral column is protection of the spinal cord
what controls our excution and feedback?
spinal system.
cerebellum function
Plays a crucial role in motor learning, including the fine-tuning of movements such as the tennis swing. It helps in refining the timing, coordination, and accuracy of movements over time through repeated practice.
what would be damaged if there were the symptoms of drunkness showing.
cerebellum
basal ganglia
Involved in the procedural learning aspect of motor skills. It helps in encoding the sequence of movements involved in the tennis swing and in selecting the appropriate movements based on feedback and outcomes.
what is huntingtons desease?
damage to the basal ganglia - clumsiness, forgetfulness, uncontrollable movements.
motor cortex
A trigger centre rather than a planning centre. Controls muscle activity, especially In distal muscles. Most of the planning has already happened when it gets to this.
controls force and direction of AP.
PMC function
Controls proximal muscles: trunk and shoulders.
Anticipatory postural adjustments are coordinated in PMC which adapts the body position for movements. Will also prepare postural muscles to stabilize for movements.
what is damaged if monkeys struggle with bimanual tasks?
Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)
SMA (Supplementary Motor Area)
Contributes to the planning and initiation of complex motor sequences, such as the various phases of the tennis swing (e.g., backswing, forward swing, follow-through).
Parietal Cortex:
Integrates sensory information related to body position, movement, and spatial awareness. It helps in adjusting the trajectory and timing of the tennis swing based on visual feedback and proprioceptive signals.
Brain Stem
descending pathway to the spinal cord. works in two directions. Conveys motor commands from higher brain regions to the spinal cord and muscles involved in executing the tennis swing. It also receives sensory feedback from the body to adjust and refine movements in real-time.
Motor Cortex
Responsible for generating the motor commands necessary to execute the tennis swing. Through practice and repetition, the motor cortex refines these commands to produce more accurate and efficient movements.
Premotor Cortex:
Plays a role in planning and preparing the motor actions required for the tennis swing. It integrates sensory information, such as visual cues from the ball and proprioceptive feedback from the body, to generate a motor plan.
