lecture 16

Question 1

abilities

Answer 1

Abilities are general movement attributes that are genetically predetermined that affect performance such as: speed, strength, agility, flexibility, etc.

Question 2

how do abilities differ from skills

Answer 2

Abilities differ from skills in the sense that skills are learned, whereas abilities are a product of both learning and genetics.

Question 3

what is a skill?

Answer 3

• A complex moving phenomena with many interrelated factors:
  skills are learnt with practice we are not born with them.

Question 4

what are the interrelated factors influencing skills?

Answer 4

• Perception (i.e., environmental, sensory function, psychological, etc.)
  
  • Decision-making (i.e., goal-oriented, influenced by past, risk vs benefit, etc.)
  • Action (i.e., mechanical, physical, aesthetic, etc.)

Question 5

what are crictical periods

Answer 5

When experience essential for normal development alters performance permanently this a critical period. Hightened neural plasticity stage.

Question 6

sensitive stage ?

Answer 6

When the effect of experience on the brain is particularly strong this is referred to as a sensitive period…

Question 7

what did some biologists think were the three things that co-evolved ?

Answer 7

cognition, tool use and language.

Question 8

]Intrinsic dynamics:

Answer 8

“the preferred states of the system given its current architecture and previous history of activity”

Question 9

are there more or less degrees of freedom than are neccasory to perform a task?

Answer 9

way more

Question 10

CCV

Answer 10

context conditioned variability

Question 11

what is CCV

Answer 11

role of a muscle is context dependent. each relationship between the muscle and task demand is unique. Due to CCV we need to contiously recognise and adaot to changes in internal and external forces.

Question 12

what is the Alternative view of movement variability

Answer 12

Variability seen as inherent in complex biological systems. The remarkable adaptability of humans to move around different environments in a variety of ways shows that our motor systems have evolved to exploit degeneracy.

Question 14

what is the practical implications of motor abilities and motor differences?

Answer 14

work with not against indivdual differences.
awareness of sensitive periods for learning.
encoruage informal play
talent identification and development.