Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adv Physio > lecture 17 > Flashcards

lecture 17 Flashcards

0
Q

the glandar sturcture of the secretory function of the GI tract

A

mucous Gland , glandular pits(TUBULAR) , tubular glands, Acinar aveolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

the secretory function of the GI tube

A

digestive enzymes to be secreted and secretion of mucus from mucus gland provide lubrication and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

single cell mucous gland

A

mucous cell( globlet cell) , it is found on the surface off the epithelium in the GI Tract, its function is to respond to irritation of the epithelium by the producing mucus, which acts as a protectant to the surface from excorination and digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glandular Pits(tubular )

A

this represents invagination of the epithelium into the submucosa , in the small intestine this pits is called the cryptes of lieberkihn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tubular Glands

A

In the stomach and upper duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acinar(alveolar)

A

found in the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver, provided secretion for digestion or emulsificatin of food, In the GI tract these acini feed into a system that empty into the allimentary tract. this are exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stimulation of the secretory Glands is by

A

presence of food, Autonomic nervous system, and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the presence of food in the gi tract activates

A

the enteric nervous system of the gut wall, there is tactile sensation, chemical irritation, and distention of the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

parasympathetic stimulation of gland

A

affects the rate of alimentary glandular secretion from the glands in the upper portion of the tract eg salivary gland, esophagus gastric glands, pancreas, brunner’s gland( duodenum). this is innervated by the by the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sympathetic stimulation of the secretory glands

A

cause moderate secretion by local gland, also resulting in constriction of blood vessels that supply the gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dual effect of sympathetic stimulation

A

sympathetic stimulation will cause increase in secretion, but if parasympathetic or hormonal stimulation is in effect, then it will reduce stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hormones and stimulation of secretory glands

A

it regulates the volume and character of the secretion
the hormone are release from the GI mucosa in response to the presence of food
hormones are then absorbed into the blood and carried to the gland that will release secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1 step of secretion of organic substance

A
  1. materials needed for formation of secretion must diffuse or be actively transported by the blood in the capillaries into the base of the glandular cell via merocrine secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 step of secretion of organic substance

A

mitochondria located in the glandular cells near its base uses oxidative energy to form ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 step of secretion of organic substance

A

atp and appropriate substance provided by the nutrient is used to synthesize organic substance. this occurs in the ER and Golgi complex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4th step of secretion of organic substance

A

the secretory material are transported through the tubules of the ER to the vesicle of the Golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5th step of secretion of organic substance

A

In the Golgi material are modified and discharged into the cytoplasm in from of secretory vesicle, which are stored at the apex of the cell until stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

——–stimulation causes water and salt to pass through the glandular cells

A

nervous stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the mechanism for the movement or secretion of water and electrolyte through the cell is known as

A

apical flush out

19
Q

apical flush out mechanism step 1

A

nerve stimulation affects the basal portion of the cell causing an active transport of cl- into the cell

20
Q

apical flush out mechanism step 2

A

the cell becomes more negative thus allowing for Na+ ion to move into the cell

21
Q

apical flush out mechanism step 3

A

excess positive and negative ione causes water to enter the cell, increasing cell volume and hydrostatic pressure( the cell swells)

22
Q

apical flush out mechanism step 4

A

the pressure in the cell causes the opening of secretory border flushing water, electrolyte, and organic substance out of the secretory end of the secretory glandular cell

23
Q

name the salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual gland. There are also small buccal glands

24
Q

name the types of salivary glands

A

serous secretion that contain ptyalin ( alpha amylase)

mucous secretion that contains mucin for lubrication and protection the GI tract surface.

25
Q

parotid secretes

A

serous secretion

26
Q

submandibular and sublingual secretes

A

both serous and mucus

27
Q

buccal gland secretes

A

mucus

28
Q

neural control of the the salivary gland and secretion is through

A

the parasympathetic nervous system by the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei in the brain stem

29
Q

salivatory nuclei

A

it is in the brain stem, juncture between medulla and pons,and are excited by both tastes and tactile stimuli from the tongue and mouth and pharynx inhibits or stimulates via nervous signal of CNS

30
Q

the major secretion of the esophagus is

A

mucous and aid with swallowing

31
Q

the esophagus is lined with

A

many simple mucous glands

32
Q

compound mucous gland are found

A

at the gastric end and to a lesser extent in the initial portion of the the esophagus

33
Q

the mucus secreted by the compound gland in the upper esophagus prevents

A

mucosa excoriation by the newly entering food

34
Q

compound glands near the esophagogastric junction functions

A

as a protection from digestion by acid gastric juices

35
Q

in addition to mucus-secreting cells, the stomach mucosa has to important type of tubular glands

A

oxyntic gland and pyloric gland

36
Q

oxyntic gland also called gastric gland secrete

A

HCL, pepsinogen ,intrinsic factor and mucus

37
Q

The pyloric gland secretes

A

mainly mucus for the protection of the the pyloric mucosa and it also secrete gastrin

38
Q

The oxyntic (gastric) gland is made up four cells

A

1 mucous cell— secretes mainly mucus
2 chief cells( zymogenic )— secrets pepsinogen
3 parietal cells— secretes intrinsic factors and HCL
4. ECL( entrochromaffin-like cells) secrete hormone like material histamine .

39
Q

step 1 mechanism of the HCL secretion

A

cl- is actively transported into the lumen of the canaliculus then sodium is also actively transported into cytoplasm. this causes the cell to become more negative in the canaliculus , thus cause K+ to enter the cell and Na +, thus kcl enter the enter the canaliculus

40
Q

step 2 of the secretion of HCL

A

water dissociate in the cytoplasm to H+ and OH- , the H+ is secreted into the canaliculus in exchange for K ion by H+ K+ atpase, Na+ is also pump out by a na pump , thus resulting in the formation of HCL in the canaliculus , then secreted into lumen of the gland.

41
Q

step 3 of the secretion of HCL

A

water enters into the canaliculus via osmosis and the final secretion is water HCL

42
Q

step 4 of the secretion of HCL

A

finally carbon combines under the influence of carbonic anhydrase with hydroxyl ion to form bicarbonate, diffuses through the cell cytoplasm into the ECF in exchange for chloride ions that enter through the ecf then is later secreted

43
Q

intrinsic factor is essential for

A

The absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum and is secrete by the parietal cells

44
Q

control of the chief cells

A
  1. ANS controls the chief cells through the vagus nerve ( 10)
  2. affected by the intrinsic nervous system ( plexuses)
  3. Ph of the stomach
  4. acetylcholine
45
Q

control of the parietal gland

A
  1. main control is PNS( innveration of the mucous wall)
  2. gastrin has a direct effect
  3. histamine has an indirect effect
46
Q

brunner’s gland

A

it is found in the duodenum of the small intestine and it functions to product alkaline mucus

Adv Physio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions