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Adv Physio > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the ear

A

Hearing and balance or vestibular

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2
Q

Outer ear pinnacle

A

This captures sound waves and channels it through the auditory canal

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3
Q

The sound waves terminates

A

On the tympani membrane the tympani membrane as sound hits it and you get vibration of the ear drum

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4
Q

Vibration of the ear drum involves

A

Mechano transduction

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5
Q

In the middle ear there are bony structures called

A

Ossicles, the maleus(hammer), incus(anvil),stapes(stirrup)

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6
Q

What structure is the malleus, incus, and stapes connected to

A

The maleus and the incus are connected the the tympanic membrane, while the stapes is connected to the oval window

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7
Q

Eustachean tube

A

It is a structure in the middle ear that regulates pressure or ear pressure, it makes sure that the pressure is the same as the atmospheric pressure…it communicates neuropharnx and connects the throat to the ear

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8
Q

Function of the inner ear

A

Sound transduction and balance

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9
Q

The cranial value of the

A

Temporal bone

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10
Q

Osseus labyrinth

A

This a bony labyrinth that is hallowed out in the inner ear

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11
Q

Membrane labyrinth

A

This labyrinth follows the cincture of the osseus labyrinth all the activity of the inner ear occurs here

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12
Q

Sound transduction

A

It occurs in a part of the memebranous labyrinth called the cochlear duct

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13
Q

Cochlear

A

In the osseous labyrinth that forms the cochlear duct that is the membranous labyrinth

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14
Q

Cochlear duct consist of

A

Scala vestibuli , scala media this is where sound is transduce, and scala tympani. They are fill with perilymph, endolymph

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15
Q

Organ of corti

A

Located in the scala media, this is where sound is going to be transduced. It consist hair cell not true hair cells

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16
Q

The hair cells in the organ if corti

A

Not true hair cell outer hair cells and inner hair cells.

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17
Q

The outer hair and inner hair will synaptically be linked to receptors that carry the Information via

A

Cranial nerve 8 vestibular cochlear nerve

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18
Q

The vestibular nerve has two branch

A

One that goes up the cochlear and other goes to the vestibular apparatus ( balance)

19
Q

description of the organ of corti

A

There are sterocilla which are elongation of the hair cells . There is an overlying gelatin membrane called the tectorial membrane on top and at the bottom there is the basilar fiber

20
Q

Explain the transduction of these cells

A

The basilar fiber vibrates upward pushing the hair cells against the tectorial membrane and compresses them, in response the cells depolarizes, fires, and release neurotransmitter that activates the nerve fiber

21
Q

Most transduction is done in

A

Inner ear that is 90% of the inner hair cells and outer cell 10%

22
Q

What happens if outer hair cells are destroyed

A

Hearing is impaired, conclusion is that this out hair cells are need for sensitivity

23
Q

The function of the oval window

A

Accommodates as increase in pressure, an oval window and a round windows is need so that membrane structure of the inner ear is not broken

24
Q

The frequency and the amplitude or pitch of the sound is due to

A

To which area of the basilar fiber that is easily affected, these are difference parts of the this membrane that are specialized for pitch determination

25
Q

High frequency are located

A

In front part of the ear, middle, and lower part of the ear

26
Q

Amplitude has many effects which are

A

1 one is that it change the frequency of the action potential 2 has a summation effect on hair cell causing more hair cells to be activated you get a summation effect of what happening to the signal

27
Q

The flow of sound transduction

A

It starts in scalar media associated with organ of corti involving the hair cells and the tectorial membrane and basilar membrane… This is mechano transduction mechano receptor are involved association , brain stem , to hypothalamus

28
Q

There two type the deafness

A

Conduction deafness and nerve deafness

29
Q

Conductive deafness

A

Impairment of physical structure of the ear tympani membrane, ossicles that conduct sound itself cochlear, fibrosis, otosclerosis

30
Q

Nerve deafness

A

Caused by impairment of cochlear or impairment of auditory nerve

31
Q

Fibrosis

A

Cuts down flexibility of the tympanic membrane, that does not allow for the vibration of ossicles

32
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Bony material begin to fail in around the space of ossicles, over time they can’t vibrate any more

33
Q

Vestibuli labyrinth

A

Follows the couture of the osseus, there are the saccule and utricle in the first part of the cochlear where saccule and utricle is associated with static balance of head

34
Q

Saccule

A

Position of the head when you lying down

35
Q

Utricle

A

Position of the head when vertical or standing up

36
Q

Semicircular duct

A

Associated with movement of head

37
Q

Crista ampullaris

A

This receptor site or receptor structure, sensory structure is inside this structure, they will only fire when the cupula is distorted or pushed

38
Q

Endolymph fluids in crista ampullaris

A

Move through the hair cells to induce a transduction

39
Q

Vestibular apparatus

A

Balance and equilibrium, saccule and utricle and semicircular duct

40
Q

Maculae

A

The sensory area in the saccule and utricle, this are also hair cells called the vestibular cilia

41
Q

Otoliths

A

The gelatinous area that has calcium carbonate crystals

42
Q

The hair cells in the maculae will fire

A

Due to the compression of the stereo cilia on the kinocilium this is based on gravity the nerve fiber will fire neurotransmitter will release and the message is sent to the cranial nerve 8. Bending in one direction lead to depolarization and the other hyperpolarization

43
Q

Ampullae

A

Houses the receptor cells, crista ampullaris

Adv Physio (21 decks)

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