Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adv Physio > kidney > Flashcards

kidney Flashcards

0
Q

sensory nerve and motor nerve detects the

A

degree of stretching of the gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Fibers of the kidneys

A

sensory nerve fiber
motor nerve fiber
skeletal motor fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

skeletal motor fiber

A

transmitted through the pudendal nerve to the external bladder spinchter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transcellular transport

A

passing through the cell basally and laterally to the apex of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

difference between plasma and ICF

A

plasma and ICF are the same except that plasma has protein and Red blood cells and white blood cells, but both have equal amount of ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Isotonic solute

A

the concentration of the solute outside the cell is equal to the concentration of the solute inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transcellular fluids

A

potion of the total body water contained within epithelial lined space, part of the extra cellular fluid ex of this fluid are cerebrospinal fluid, ocular fluid, and bladder urine. this fluid contains Na ion, cl ions and bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

carrier mediated transport

A

primary and secondary transport active transport ( eg Na K pump)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

active transport

A

requires energy to move ions gradient across the cell against its gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paracellular Transport

A

the movement of solute between the cell and epithilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aldosterone has a role in

A

Na absortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glucose is transported in the cell by

A

active transport against concentration graduate, once in the cell it leaves via facilitated diffusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fructose and amino acids are transported

A

similarly to glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

kidney s involved in the production of red blood cells via

A

erythropoietin, hormone like substance triggers erythropoisis in the stem cells of the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tubulo-glomerular feedback

A

feedback mechanism to perform the function of auto regulation linked to the change in Nacl at the macula densa

controls the renal arteriolar resistance - ensure a constant delivery of the nacl to distal tubules and helps prevent spurious fluctuation of renal excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

two component of tubulo-glomerular feedback

A

afferent arteriol feed back mechanism and efferent arterial feedback mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sacral Cord

A

the cord that connect the pelvic nerve to the spinal cord, this is the nerve supply of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

parasympathetic effect on the kidney

A

stimulate the peristaltic contraction in the ureter while sympathetic inhibit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vitamin D and the kidneys

A

the kidney is involved with the activation of vitamin D to its active form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pudendal nerve

A

the skeleton motor fiber are transmitted through this nerve, it carries both sensory and motor fibers, and it innervates external genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Podocytes

A

epithelial cell surrounding the filtration barrier of visceral layer, these are cells in the Bowman’s capsule in the kidney that wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus. involved in filtrate by hold back protein and other important molecules also involved in regulation of GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the glomerular capillaries give rise to

A

peritubular capilaries, in this system there is an afferent arteriol and efferent arteriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bowman’s Capusule

A

this accepts the filtrate from the glomerular capillary reabsorption into the renal tubular capillaries, secretion from the peritubular capillaries to the Bowman’s capillaries, then excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

filtration, reabsorbtion, secretion, and excretion take place here . the structures here is the glomerulus capillaries and Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

urine formation begins

A

when large amount of fluid that is protein free is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into bowman’s corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Excretion is

A

filtration - reabsorption + secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Uretorenal reflex

A

when a ureter is blocked reflex constriction occurs this is associated with intense pain, causing a sympathetic reflex back to the kidney to constrict the renal arterioles there by decreasing urine out put from kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

tubular reabsorbtion

A

the substance like glucose, amino acid, electrolyte is freely filtered at the glomerular capillaries and are all is reabsorbed back into the blood due to been highly able to be reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Autoregulation

A

the relativity between renal blood flow and GF, to maintain the delivery of oxygen and nutrient at a normal level and to remove the waste product of metabolism despite change in the arterial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Sympathetic nervous system affects GFR

A

afferent and efferent arterioles are richly innerverted by sympathetic NS, it can constrict the renal arterioles and decrease renal blood flow and GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hormones and autacoids affects

A

GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hormnes like norepinerphrine , epinerpherine , endothelin constrict

A

renal blood vessel and decrease GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

autacoids are

A

vasoactive substance endothelin( vaso constrictor)that are released in the kidneys and act locally these constrict blood flow in the renal blood vessels and decrease GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Physiological control of GFR

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure and the glomerular capillary control osmotic pressure , these variable are influenced by sympathetic nervous system, hormones and autocoids

34
Q

tubular secretion

A

opposite direction to absorbtion, secondary active transport ( atp N / k pump at the basal part of the cell) peritubular capillaries ( secretion of hydrogen ions from the blood across the tubular walls, there is a counter porter at the apex of the cell ( na in and H out)

35
Q

transport maximum Tm

A

substance that are actually transported have a limit of rate at which they can be transported, this is Tm, this is due to saturation of the transport system

36
Q

absorption of H20 is via

A

simple diffusion

37
Q

Fluid gain and loss

A

intake and output has to be equal , intake fluid is associated with water obtained from drinking and food, cellular respiration also provide water

38
Q

glucose , amino acid, water is transported

A

by facilitated diffusion passive diffusion at the basal end of the cell into the ecf then bulk flow

39
Q

kidney act as a

A

waste eliminated organ eliminating urea (nitrogenous waste) ,hormone metabolism , drug and toxic material

40
Q

production of uric acid

A

is due to metabolism of nucleic acid, high uric acid is produce if once diet is high in protein.

41
Q

too much uric acid leads to the formation of

A

Gout

42
Q

Ultrafiltration

A

take part in the formation of urine via bulk flow, this is mediated by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic force, there is a net reabsorptive force that moves the fluid and solute from the interstitial into the blood

43
Q

functional part of the kidney

A

kidney tubules and kidney nephrons

44
Q

micturition

A

the process by which the urinary bladder empties when it gets filled. First step the bladder fills progressively until the tension rises above a threshold level. this elicts the second step which invoves the micturtion reflex

45
Q

Mictrition Refelx

A

is a nervous relfex that empties the bladder or causes the desire to urinate

46
Q

detrusor muscle

A

smooth muscle of the bladder the contraction of this muscle is a major step in the emptying of the bladder , conduct action potential that cause contraction of the bladder

47
Q

tubular secretion

A

substance is free filtered at the golmerular capillary blood into renal tubles

48
Q

the kidneys maintain tonicity by

A

maintaining isotonic instead of having an hypertonic or hypotonic effect, hypotonic leads to crenation and hypotonic will lead to cell wall lysis

49
Q

juxtameduallary nephrons

A

this is the glomeruli that lie deep in the renal cortex near the meduall into the renal papillae sometimes, has long loop of henle has a role in urine concentration, where most of nephrons is located, the vascular structure of here is the vasa recta

50
Q

counter current flow

A

water is carried by the peritubular capillaries opposite the floww of the fluid in the nephrons , hypertonic , is the concentration of the movement of fluid from vasa recta into the DCT

51
Q

Tubluar reasborption

A

the susbstance is freely filtered at the glomerulus and all is reabsorbed into the blood , it is passive transport

52
Q

Vasa recta

A

it is a capillary that continues into the loop of henle( efferent ateriol), the tensity is the same as the loop of henle, it associates with the juxtamedullary receptors, runs parallel to henle’s loop , provides nutrients , the tensity is same as the autocoids

53
Q

GRF

A

glomerular filtration rate(net filtration present + glomerular capillaries filtration coefficient)

54
Q

the kidney is surrounded by

A

connective tissue

55
Q

calyx is

A

where urine is deposited

56
Q

the vascular structure of the kidneys

A

renal artery and renal vein and 20% of cardiac output will flow through the kidney

57
Q

net filtration pressure

A

the sum of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic force across the glomerular membrane

58
Q

transport of small peptide involves

A

cytopempsis the transport of substance in the cell and through the cytoplasm in a vesicles without using the cells energy

59
Q

solute drag

A

water pulls the solute as it moves through the cell the concentration of the solute goes up

60
Q

insensible water loss

A

water losses that can not precisely regulated and we are not consciously aware of it eg are evaporation from the respirator tract and and diffusion through the skin, sweating is not part of this

61
Q

types of water loss

A

insensible water loss, sweating , feces, kidneys

62
Q

function of the kidneys

A

excretion of metabolic wastes and foreign chemical
regulation of water and electrolyte balance
regulates blood pressure
erythropoesis .

63
Q

three fluid compartment

A

extracellular: plasma and interstitial fluid
intracellular
Transcellular fluid

64
Q

two type of nephrons

A

cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

65
Q

cortical nephrons

A

these are nephrons that have glomeruli located in the outer cortex , they have short loops of henle that penetrate short distance of the medulla, their vascular structure are network of peritubular capillaries

66
Q

vasa recta

A

the vascular structure of the juxtamedullary nephrons which are long efferent arterioles extend from the glomeruli down into outer medulla and then divide into specialized peritubular capillaries lying next to the long loop of henle and also has it tonicity… this is important for concentrated urine

67
Q

glomerular capillaries are encased in the

A

Bowman’s capsule

68
Q

the fluid filtered form the glomerular capillaries flows into

A

the Bowman’s capsule then into the proximal tubule to the loop of Henle that dips into the medulla

69
Q

loop of henle

A

there are two loops the ascending and descending loop of henle where the ascending loop of henle has a thick and thin loop

70
Q

conservation of water

A

water is conserve by producing an hypertonic urine and absorbing water from filtrate involving counter current flow.

71
Q

how is water conserved

A

the loop of henle goes down into the medulla, there are physiological change in the tubules it becomes thinner at the base and thicker as it ascends, ascending loop pumps ( na+ cl-urea) out to maintain tonicity the cell are impermeable to water and solute and the DCT, in the cortex DCT is 100 and vasa recta is 325 , this induces water to move passively through the cortes by the help of ADH ( recruit aqua porin 1 and 2) descending loop is permeable to water and solute

72
Q

obigatory urine

A

urine that must be produce or excreted regardless of water intake. the solute of this urine solute diuretic

73
Q

what plays a role in the concentration of urine

A

juxtamedullary nephrons, vasa recta , and ADH

74
Q

role of ADH

A

increase the permeability of the DCT, collecting tubule , collecting duct through the recruitment of aqua porin 2 to the apical side of the cells, aquaporin 3 and 4 are at the basal side of the cell taking water out

75
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

hypotonic urine is produced

76
Q

nephorngenic diabetes insipidus

A

there is no receptor for ADH to bind to

77
Q

kidney regulates blood presure

A

it regulate blood volume by renal pressure system, renin is produced by the Jg apparatus, angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin1 in blood and ACE converts it to 2 this will increase blood pressure

78
Q

function of uricase

A

converting or urea to uric acid

79
Q

hypoxia can also trigger

A

erythropoietin

80
Q

the kidneys ability to make concentrated urine depends on

A

a hypotonic environment

81
Q

proximal tubule are

A

permeable to water

82
Q

AV3V

A

controls the osmolarity, ADH secretion, thirst sodium appetite and blood presure.

Adv Physio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions