LEC EXAM #3 CHP. 14 Flashcards
Synthetic antimicrobial:
Not from nature, made in lab
First natural abx:
Penicillin
Semi-synthetic antimicrobial:
Modified derivative of natural abx
Narrow spectrum abx:
Specific bacterial pathogens
Down side of broad spectrum abx?
- Normal microbiota keeps opportunistic pathogens in check
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill nonresistant cells
- . Drug-resistant pathogens proliferate and can cause superinfection
What is the problem with oral dosage?
- Have to go through the digestive system-> degradation-> your body doesn’t retain all of the compounds in the med
- Least effective
The higher the plasma concentration of a drug:
The faster the response time
Route of administration and plasma conc from least to greatest:
Oral
IM
IV
Inhibit CELL WALL formation for antibacterial drugs:
B-lactams
- penicillin
- cephalosporins
- monobactams
- carbapenems
Glycopeptides
-vancomycin
Bacitracin
Social effects of abx use from 2000-2013
“If my doctor does not prescribe an abx when I think one is needed, I will take my child to another doctor.”
Medicaid insured:
Commercially insured:
Medicaid: Increased
Commercially insured: slightly increased
Social effects of abx use from 2000-2013
“If I expect an abx, I am less satisfied if I don’t receive it.”
Medicaid insured:
Commercially insured:
Medicaid: Increased
Commercially: Stagnant
Social effects of abx use from 2000-2013
“I would rather give my child an abx that may or not be needed than wait and see if she gets better without it.”
Medicaid insured:
Commercially insured:
Medicaid: Increased
Commercially: Decreased
What is the consequence of inhibiting cell wall formation?
No protection from osmotic pressure
INHIBITING TRANSLATION
Major classes of protein synthesis-inhibiting antibacterials:
- Chloramphenicol, macrolides, and lincosamides
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol, macrolides, and lincosamides
- Bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit
- Prevent peptide bond formation
- Stop protein synthesis
