6 LIFECYCLES Flashcards
Toxoplasma gondii:
- Toxoplasmosis
- Single cell organism (no male or female)
Toxoplasma gondii geographic location:
France and Central America
Modes of infection of Toxoplasma gondii: (3)
- Eating undercooked meat of animal that has cysts
- Litter box
- Blood transfusion or organ transplant
Toxoplasma gondii
Definitive host:
Intermediate host:
Cat
Humans, dogs, mice, cow, sheep, pig
Toxoplasma gondii mode of transmission: (3)
Cat defecates (unsporulated oocyst in feces)-> rat eats oocyst-> cat eats rat-> intestinal cycle in cats only
Plasmodium:
- Malaria
- Causes recurrent fever when RBC pop and release parasites
Plasmodium geographic location:
Tropical regions such as South America, Asia, Africa
Plasmodium
Vector:
Intermediate host:
Mosquito (female)
Humans
Plasmodium transmission:
Female mosquito-> sporozite-> liver-> RBC (trophozoite)-> other RBC (merozite)-> schizont-> merozoites
Taenia solium: (3)
- Causes Teaniasis disease
- Pork tapeworm
- Leading cause of epilepsy and cysticercosis (cysts in brain)
Taenia solium geographic location:
-South America and Central America
Taenia solium mode of transmission:
Gravid proglottid in fecal matter-> pig-> oncosphere penetrates intestinal wall-> forms cyst in pig in muscle -> human eats undercooked pork-> adult worm attaches to small intestine via scolex->gravid proglottid-> ingested by human-> causes autoinfection-> oncosphere hatches and penetrates intestinal wall-> circulation-> cyst (brain, lung, eye, c.t.)
Definitive host in Taenia solium:
Intermediate host:
Humans
Pig
Taenia saginata:
Causes Taeniasis Disease
Beef tapeworm
IH: cattle
Ascaris:
- Human roundworm
- Largest nematode
- Most common human helminthic infection
Ascaris geographic location:
Tropical regions with poor sanitation
Rural areas of Southeastern US
Ascaris mode of transmission:
Eggs shed in fecal matter-> egg dormant and can survive w/o water-> ingested by human (def host)-> hatch in intestines and get into bloodstream-> lungs, trachea-> pharynx-> swallowed-> female lay eggs, male fertilize eggs
Diphylobrothriasis:
- Broad fish tapeworm
- Cestodes have a scolex instead of suckers
Diphylobrothriasis geographic location:
East Asia and South America
Diphylobrothriasis mode of transmission:
Unembryonated egg passes in feces-> water embryonate-> egg hatches and eaten by crustaceans-> gets ingested by small fish (infected stage)-> predator fish eats small infected fish-> human eats fish-> infects adults small intestine
Diphylobrothriasis
Definitive host:
Intermediate host:
Humans and fish-eating mammals
Crustaceans and small fish
Anisakis:
- Anisakiasis Disease
- Ingestion of larvae of nematodes (roundworms)
Anisakis geographic location:
Japan, South America, Netherlands
Anisakis mode of transmission:
Marine mammals excrete unembryonated eggs-> water embryonate-> larvae hatches from eggs and is free-swimming-> larvae ingested by crustaceans-> crustaceans eaten by fish and larvae transferred from fish to fish-> infects marine mammals and humans
Incidental host of anisakis?
Humans when eating infected raw or undercooked seafood
