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BIOL 270 > LEC EXAM #3 CHP. 13 > Flashcards

LEC EXAM #3 CHP. 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Fomite:

A

Inanimate object that can harbor microorganisms

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2
Q

Exotic:

A

Derived from a foreign location

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3
Q

Sterile technique:

A

Technique that minimize/eliminate pathogen contamination

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4
Q

Sterilization:

A

Complete removal of all vegetative cells, endospores, and viruses from an item or environment
-Ex: steam/autoclave

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5
Q

Sterilant:

A

Chemical used to achieve sterilization

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6
Q

Asepsis:

A

The absence of bacteria or microbes from an area

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7
Q

Sepsis:

A

Presence of bacteria or microbe

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8
Q

Commercial sterilization:

A

Technique that involves using low enough temp to preserve food quality but high enough to kill pathogens

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9
Q

Disinfection:

A
  • Removes most microbes from fomites from surfaces but does NOT sterilize
  • Ex: vinegar, bleach
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10
Q

Anti-septic:

A
  • Disinfection on living surface (skin or tissue)

- Ex: Hydrogen peroxide, isopropyl alcohol

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11
Q

Food canning/sterilization temperature:

A

121 C for 2.5 minutes

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12
Q

BSL-1:

A
  • Minimal risk of disease

- Ex: Nonpathogenic strains of E. coli

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13
Q

BSL-2:

A
  • Moderate risk
  • Indigenous and exotic
  • Ex: S. aureus
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14
Q

BSL-3:

A
  • Indigenous and exotic
  • Cause lethal diseases
  • Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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15
Q

BSL-4:

A
  • High risk of aerosol-transmitted infections
  • Dangerous and exotic
  • Ex: Ebola and Marburg
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16
Q

Clostridium botulinum:

A
  • Forms endospores and difficult to treat

- Grows in canned food due to low O2

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17
Q

C. botulinum produce:

A

Neurotoxins that cause paralysis and can stop respiratory function

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18
Q

Critical sterilization:

A

-Item will be inserted into body
-Must be sterilized
Ex: IV, catheter, surgical instruments

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19
Q

Semi-critical sterilization:

A
  • Item will contact mucous membrane

- Item does not have to be sterilized but must be highly disinfected

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20
Q

Non-critical sterilization:

A
  • Item will contact skin

- Items must be cleaned but not highly disinfected

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21
Q

Bacteriostatic:
Bacteriocide:

A
  • Causes bacteria to be static/inactive

- Kills bacteria

22
Q

Sanitation:

A
  • Reduces microbial load of inanimate object to public health levels
  • Ex: Detergent in dishwasher
23
Q

Degerming:

A
  • Reduces microbial load on skin or tissue through hand washing
  • Ex: Washing hands with soap
24
Q

DRT (decimal reduction time):

A

Time to kill 90% of population

25
Q

Harder to treat:

A

Eukaryotes such as fungus because more similar to humans

26
Q

Thermal death time:

A

Time needed to kill ALL organisms

27
Q

Autoclave:

Protocol?

A
  • Water in chamber that gets heated and pressurized to generate steam for sterilization
  • Denature endospore, vegetative cells, and viruses
  • 121 C @ 15 psi for 30 minutes
28
Q

Resistant to auto-claving:

A

Prions

29
Q

Pasteurization:

Protocol?

A
  • Reduces heat sensitive microbes that cause food spoilage, but doesn’t kill all microbes
  • Does not sterilize food
  • Heat at 72C for 15 seconds for normal pasteurization or 132C for 2 seconds for UHT
30
Q

Refrigeration:

A
  • Slows microbial growth, except for pyschrophiles

- Ex: Listeria

31
Q

Drying/dessication:

A

Physically removes water

32
Q

Adding salt to food:

A

Creates a hypertonic environment

33
Q

Radiation:

A

Kills bacteria and destroys viruses through UV light sterilization by forming thymine dimers

34
Q

Gamma-radiation:

A
  • Stronger than XR

- Shines radiation on food as it passes by-> breaks DNA

35
Q

HEPA filtration:

A
  • Filters out allergens, dust, and garbage

- Port size= 0.3 um

36
Q

Membrane filtration:

A
  • Pore size= 0.2 um

- Reduces pathogen load level to undetectable

37
Q

Phenolic compounds:

A
  • Removes microorganisms but doesn’t sterilize

- Disinfectants found in mouthwash and throat lozenges

38
Q

Triclosan:

A
  • Banned in hand soaps by FDA in 2017

- Previously thought to be antimicrobial

39
Q

Betadine:

A

Topical antiseptic used before surgery

40
Q

Alcohols:

A

Bactericidal and fungacidal

-70% because anything past 70% denatures glycoproteins but 70% is just enough to let alcohol in

41
Q

Quaternary ammonium salts- Quats:

A
  • Disrupts plasma membranes

- Ex: lysol

42
Q

Soaps:

How?

A
  • Breakdown bacteria and debris by removing from surface

- Hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions bind to each other, locks, and rubbing of hands removes them

43
Q

Peroxide:

A

Produces free radicals that binds to DNA-> mutates DNA

44
Q

If you have the enzyme catalase, it converts hydrogen peroxide into:

A

Water and oxygen

45
Q

How to test antimicrobial/abx effectiveness?

A

Disk diffusion method that tests the zone of inhibition of an antimicrobial/abx

46
Q

In-use test:

A

Used in clinical settings when you store your disinfectants in bottles

47
Q

In-use test steps:

A
  1. take disinfectant
  2. put it into sterile broth with inactivator for disinfectant-> inactivated
  3. place soln onto plates
  4. if you see growth of 5+ colonies on either plate= contamination
48
Q

Why does CRE affect hospital patients?

A
  • It’s a rampant resistant strain in hospital settings that causes nosocomial infections due to instrument/equipment being contaminated
  • Patients are immune-compromised
49
Q

Structure of phenolic compounds:

A

Benzine ring with an OH off of it

50
Q

Freezing below ___ can kill microorganism?

A

-2C

51
Q

Things that can change your decimal reduction time or thermal death time?

A

Concentration
Location of where it is applied
Modes of action

BIOL 270 (26 decks)

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