Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 270 > FINAL EXAM CHP. 15 > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM CHP. 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of disease:

A
  • Objective and measurable

- Vital signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of disease

A
  • Subjective to patient

- Difficult to quantify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Syndrome:

A

Specific group of signs and sxs characteristic of a particular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disease:

A

Condition where normal structure or functions of the body are damaged or impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Asymptomatic or subclinical:

A

No noticeable signs or symptoms

-Ex: HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most dangerous mode of transmission:

A

Airborne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infectious disease:

A

Any disease caused by pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Communicable infectious disease:

A

Spread from person to person through direct or indirect mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Noncommunicable infectious disease:

A

Not spread from one person to another

-Ex: Tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contagious disease:

A

Infectious communicable disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Iatrogenic disease:

A

Contracted from medical procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Zoonotic disease:

A

Transmitted from animal to human

Ex: Rabies, west nile virus `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Noninfectious disease:

A

Not caused by pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cellular pathogens:

A

Parasites
Protozoa
Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acellular pathogens:

A

Virus and prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acute disease:

A

Short-term

-Ex: Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Latent disease:

A

Begins late

-Ex: HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chronic disease:

A

Long-term

-Ex: Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Koch’s postulates:

A
  1. Suspected pathogen must be found in every case of disease and not be found in healthy individuals
  2. Suspected pathogen can be isolated and grown in pure culture
  3. Healthy test subject infected with suspected pathogen must develop the same signs and sxs as seen in postulate 1
  4. Pathogen must be re-isolated from the new host and must be identical to pathogen from postulate 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LD50:

A
  • Dose necessary for lethal dose of 50% of population

- Lower LD50= the less pathogens it takes to kill 50% of population= more pathogenic/deadly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ID50:

A

Dose necessary for infectious dose of 50% of population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Portal of entry:

A 
Eye
Mouth
Nose
Vagina
Urethra
Placenta 
Anus
Broken skin
Insect bite
Shaving
Needle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Virulence:

A

How pathogenic an organism is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pathogenicity:

A

Ability of microbial agent to cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Primary pathogen:

A

Causes disease in host regardless if host is healthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Opportunistic pathogen:

A

Only causes disease when host is immunocompromised

  • Ex: S. epidermis
  • Forms biofilms on catheters and secretes EPS (signal within biofilm)
27
Q

Candida:

A

Fungus, yeast

-Ex: Thrush

28
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Origin and development of disease

29
Q

Pathogens capable of crossing placental barrier:

30
Q

Adhesin:

A

Glycoprotein or protein used for attachment, typically to a host receptor cell

31
Q

Stages of pathogenesis:

A 
Exposure
Attachment (adhesin)/ multiplication
Invasion
Infection
Signs and sxs
32
Q

Invasion:

A

Invade new region for nutrients

33
Q

Infection:

A

Infect area of body containing pathogen

34
Q

Emia:

A

Pathogens in blood

35
Q

Bacteremia:

A

Bacteria in blood

36
Q

Viremia:

A

Virus in blood

37
Q

Toxemia:

A

Toxins in blood

38
Q

Septemia:

A

Bacteria present and multiplying in blood

39
Q

Shock:

A

Decreased blood pressure

40
Q

Edema stages:

A

Phagosome phagocytoses pathogen-> phagosome releases TNF-> causes inflammation/fever-> TNF binds to capillaries and increases permeability-> fluid passes out of blood vessel into tissue-> causes edema

41
Q

Goal of edema:

A

To get more immune cells to that site

42
Q

Hyaluronidase:

A
  • Enzyme expressed by H. pylori that degrades attachment between cells-> invasion of new tissue
  • Virulence factor
43
Q

What is the gene for hyaluronidase kept on?

A

Plasmids to share via conjugation

44
Q

Exoenzymes:

A

Enzyme expressed outside the body/pathogen

45
Q

Endotoxin:

A
  • Component of pathogen

- Ex: Lipid A of LPS

46
Q

Exotoxin:

A
  • Outside
  • Heat labile
  • Very low LD50
  • Ex: Collagenase
47
Q

Capsule:

A

Provides protection from macrophages being able to engulf

48
Q

Exoenzyme protease: (3)

A
  • Makes it difficult for immune system to attack
  • Kept on plasmids and spread through conjugation
  • Virulence factor
49
Q

Collagenase

A
  • Enzymes that break the peptide bonds in collagen and assist in destroying extracellular structures in the pathogenesis of bacteria
  • Virulence factor
50
Q

Hemagglutinin:

A
  • Spike that attaches to the host and sticks out of virus to make antibodies against it to develop memory of that virus
  • Put into flu vaccines against Influenza
51
Q

Lipid A:

A
  • Lipid component of an endotoxin that is responsible for the toxicity of gram (-) bacteria
  • Causes innate response
52
Q

Antigenic drift:

A

Small changes/mutations in gene that causes hemagglutinin to change-> YES natural selection

53
Q

Antigenic shift:

A
  • Large genomic change to genetically change organism-> NO natural selection
  • **Coinfection of 2 different strains/viral genomes
54
Q

Neuraminidase:

A

Enzyme that allows new mature virus to leave the host

55
Q

Binds to receptor on host so virus can’t leave:

Dissolves receptors, allowing mature virus to leave:

A

Hemagglutinin

Neuraminidase

56
Q

B subunit in A-B exotoxins:

A

To attach to host cell and get A subunit inside

57
Q

A subunit in A-B exotoxins:

A

To create toxic response once inside cell

58
Q

Cholera A-B exotoxin:

A

B subunit binds to epithelial intestinal cells-> absorption of A subunit-> inappropriate release of ions into intestines-> excretes water-> hypertonic environment-> severe dehydration

59
Q

Diphtheria A-B exotoxin:

A

B subunit binds to cell-> A subunit forms reaction and inhibits ribosome from functioning-> cell can’t make proteins-> cell dies

60
Q

Botulinum exotoxin:

A

Toxin inhibits release of acetylcholine-> prevents contraction of the muscle

61
Q

Tetanus exotoxin:

A

GABA never released-> constant release of acetylcholine-> constant contraction of muscle

62
Q

Phospholipase C:

A

Degrades phospholipids

63
Q

Evading immune system:

A
  • Degrades antibody so it doesn’t signal immune cells

- Capsules

64
Q

Fimbrae:

A

Composed of proteins that used as attachment to host surface

-Without it bacteria would get washed out

BIOL 270 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions