Lec 32

Question 1

GI tract in order

Answer 1

1- oral cavity
2- esophagus
3- stomach
4- small intestine
5- large intestine
6- rectum

Question 2

IS GI internal/external

Answer 2

Gi is hollow tube which anything inside is external environment

Question 3

accesory gland helping GI

Answer 3

salivery glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 4

accesory gland can help but–

Answer 4

material does not pass through them

Question 5

sphinctors

Answer 5

ring of smooth muscles
one-way valves tonically constricted until receive an order

Question 6

— and — have major role in determining how lung should food be in stomach

Answer 6

protein and lipid

Question 7

name sphinctors from beginning to rectum

Answer 7

1- upper esophageal
2- lower esophageal
3- pyloric
4- ileocecal
5- internal and external anal

Question 8

upper esophageal sepparate

Answer 8

oral cavity and esophagus

Question 9

lower esophagela separate

Answer 9

esophagus and stomch

Question 10

pyloric separate

Answer 10

stomach and small intestine

Question 11

ileocecal separaet

Answer 11

small and large intestine

Question 12

internal anal is

Answer 12

Involuntarye

Question 13

xternal anal is

Answer 13

Voluntary

Question 14

wall of GI tract through stomach and small intestine from it lumen

Answer 14

1- mucosa: epithelial
2- submucosa
3- muscularis externa: circular and longitudinal muscles
4- serosa: connective

Question 15

mucosa comprised of

Answer 15

epithelium
lamina propia
muscularis mucosae

Question 16

epithelium

Answer 16

line the lumen
single layer epithelium
-transporting cell,secretory cell,stem cell

Question 17

lamina propia

Answer 17

loose connective tissue
gland,lymph,blood supply

Question 18

muscularis mucosae

Answer 18

thin layer smooth muscle separate mucosa from submucosa

Question 19

submucos

Answer 19

loose connective tissue
nerve, blood supply,lymph vessel

Question 20

submucosa intestine has

Answer 20

submucosal plexeus
part of ENS

Question 21

Muscularis externa

Answer 21

2 layer smooth muscle
inner: circular layer–segmental mix and match–constrict lumen
outer: longitudinal layer–peristalsis–transporter–shorten tract
stomach additional 3rd layer oblique layer below submucosa
myenteric plexus (ENS) between inner and outer

Question 22

Serosa

Answer 22

outer covering
continous to peritoneal membrane
has secretory epithelium+connective tissue
lubricate,protect

Question 23

structure in Gi is related to

Answer 23

function

Question 24

GI 4 processes

Answer 24

1- secretion: from cells into lumen or ECF
2- digestion:chemical/mechanical
3- absorption: lumen to ECF
4- motility: as muscle contraction

Question 25

motility is by —- and —- contraction

Answer 25

peristaltic and segmental

Question 26

peristaltic contraction

Answer 26

circular muscle contract behind the bolus to push forward
important for motility

Question 27

segmental contraction

Answer 27

in small intestine
mixing contents and increase exposure to enzyme
important for mechanical digestion

Question 28

GI secretion

Answer 28

Na, K, Cl, H and water
digestive enzyme
mucus
bile

Question 29

brain of the gut is —

Answer 29

ENS

Question 30

Ens can operate without input from

Answer 30

CNS or PNS

Question 31

ENS regulate

Answer 31

motility and secretion

Question 32

ENs is modulated by

Answer 32

ANS

Question 33

regulation of Gi function

Answer 33

1- short reflex
2- long reflex
3- GI peptide

Question 34

short reflex

Answer 34

integrated in ENS
occur entirely in gut wall
sensory receptor send info through interneurons

Question 35

long reflex

Answer 35

inegrated with CNS
may originate in or out of GI
feedforward and emotional reflexes are initiated entirely outside of GI tract cephalic reflexes

Question 36

GI peptide

Answer 36

secreted in short and long reflexes or independently
signalling molecules that alter GI secretion and motility