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Bpk 205 > Lec 05 > Flashcards

Lec 05 Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones secretion

A

From endocrine tissue or glands

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2
Q

Properties of Hormone

A

1-Cell-to-cell communication
2-Binding to target receptor initiate cellular response
3-Communication is eventually terminated
4-Half life= time for hormone conc. To decrease by 1/2

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3
Q

Cell-to-cell communication hormones

A

1- chemical signals
2- transport by blood to distant targets

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4
Q

Hormones communication eventually is terminated

A

1-limiting secretion
2-removing/inactivating hormone
3-terminate target cell activity

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5
Q

Hormone classified based in:

A

1- source
2- receptor
3- chemical structure
4- function

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6
Q

Peptide vs protein hormone

A

Peptide is smaller
Protein is larger

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7
Q

Peptide/protein hormones

A

1- made in endocrine cells
2- made in advance(preprohormone: large ,inactive with 1 or more copies of final peptide) and stored in vesicles
3- PREPROHORMONE—PROHORMONE—HORMONE(series of post-translational modifications)
4- Final hormone is active
5- Released into ECF by Exocytosis
6- Diffuses from ECF into blood
7- Half-life is short
8- Lipophilic—bind membrane receptors
9- Active secondary messenger
10- Response: altered activity of target proteins

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8
Q

Steroid hormones are made by demand

A

Memorize

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9
Q

Steroid hormones

A

-made from cholesterol
-made in adrenal glands,kidney,skin,gonads,placenta
-final hormone is lipophilic-CANNOT BE STORED
-made in SER

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10
Q

Smooth ER functions

A

1- store Ca ion
2- synthesis steroid hormones

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11
Q

Peptide hormone example

A

Insulin
Glucagon

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12
Q

Steroid hormones example

A

Sex hormones

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13
Q

Steroid hormone movement

A

1- Simple diffusion into blood (due to lipophilic)
2- bound to carrier protein in blood (have longer half time)
3- intracellular receptors: cytosolic/nuclear — regulation of gene activity — slow response
4- membrane receptors: fast response

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14
Q

Amine hormones

A

-Made in pineal gland, adrenal medulla,thyroid
-derived from tyrosine
-CATECHOLAMINES(Neurohormones)AND THYROID

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15
Q

Catecholamine

A

Characteristics similar to peptide hormones
-lipophobic
-stored for release
-short half time

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16
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

Characteristics similar to thyroid hormone
-lipophilic
-made on demand
-requires carrier protein
-long half life
-genomic response

17
Q

Exocrine vs Endocrine glands

A

Secretory cells may be scattered among other epithelial tissue cells

18
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Connecting cells disappears
Blood vessels are must
Ex, insulin, oxytocin

19
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Ex. From pancreas to small intestine
Sweat glands
Oil glands

20
Q

Pancreas

A

Dual function— endocrine and exocrine

21
Q

Endocrine Pancreas

A

1-Alpha cells — secrete glucagon
2-Betta cells — secrete insulin

22
Q

Exocrine pancreas

A

Acinar cellls and duct cells

23
Q

Hormones may regulate

A

1- rate of enzymatic reaction
2- transport of ions across cell membrane
3- gene expression or protein synthesis

24
Q

Cellular mechanism depends on

A

1- presence and location of target cells
2- specific signaling pathways

25
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Two glands fuse together
-posterior pituitary is neural tissue
-anterior pituitary is endocrine tissue

26
Q

Posterior pituitary gland

A

extension of Neural tissue
Secret neurohormones
Ex. Oxytocin

27
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Endocrine gland of epithelial origin
Secrete six hormones

28
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls the release of hormones from anterior pituitary by neurohormones

29
Q

Posterior pituitary gland secrete

A

1- neurohormone is made and packaged in cell body
2- vesicles transported down the cell to posterior pituitary gland
3- vesicles exocytosis
4- vesicles of neurohormones are stored in posterior pituitary
4- neurohormones are released to blood

30
Q

Anterior pituitary gland secrete:

A

1- hypothalamic neurons synthesize neurohormones and release them into capillaries of the portal system
2- portal veins carry neurohormone directly to anterior pituitary, act as endocrine cells
3- endocrine cells release peptide hormones

31
Q

Anterior pituitary gland example

A

TRH from hypothalamus
TSH from anterior pituitary
TSH stimulate thyroid production int thyroid gland

Bpk 205 (30 decks)

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