Lec 28

Question 1

pathway in nephron

Answer 1

1-bowman’s capsule
2- proximal tube
3- descending limb
4- ascending limb
5- distal tube
6- collecting duct

Question 2

renal corpuscle is

Answer 2

glumerulus + bowman capsule

Question 3

nephron is made up of —- cels

Answer 3

epithelial
different epithelial cell structure for diferrent regions of nephron

Question 4

four processes of nephron

Answer 4

1- filtration – blood to nephron
2- reabsorption – lumen to blood
3- secretion – blood to lumen
4- excretion – lumen to outside of body

Question 5

glomerulus in case of leaky

Answer 5

glomerulus is ultra leaky

Question 6

how many liters per day glomerulus filter?

Answer 6

180 L/day

Question 7

how many liters per day is excretion

Answer 7

1.5 L/day

Question 8

what will be filtered

Answer 8

water
Na, K, Cl, Ca
glucose
urea
H+
creatinine

Question 9

what generally will not be filtered

Answer 9

no RBC
no WBC
no protein
no cells

Question 10

what will be reabsorbed

Answer 10

glucose
na
water

Question 11

secretion

Answer 11

k+
H+

Question 12

water reabsorption happen in

Answer 12

beginnig of collecting duct

Question 13

how water reabsorption happen

Answer 13

vasopressin
1- insert water channel
2- insert aquaporin
–water reabsorption as needed by BP

Question 14

amount of excretion formula

Answer 14

E = Filtered - Reabsorbed + secreted

Question 15

Flitration fraction in glumerous

Answer 15

20% filters out
80% return via efferent arteriole

Question 16

how much will be reabsorbed

Answer 16

more than 99%

Question 17

excretion amount from what filtered

Answer 17

1%

Question 18

podocyte

Answer 18

-one cell layer lining of bowman capsule
-has foot processes with a filtration slit where filtration hapeen

Question 19

if protein is in what have been filtered, it shows

Answer 19

something is wrong

Question 20

glumerular filteration rate (GFR)

Answer 20

vol. of fluid that filters into bowman capsule per time

Question 21

GFR is influenced by

Answer 21

1- hydrostatic force: push (largest force)
2- osmotic pressure gradient: pull
3- fluid pressure bowman capsule: pull

Question 22

osmolarity

Answer 22

osmotically active particles per litre of solution

ex: 1M glucose= 1 OsM glucose
ex; 1M NaCl= 1OsM Na + 1OsM Cl

Question 23

membrane where osmolarity happen

Answer 23

semipermeable mebrane
only water can move

Question 24

osmotic pressure

Answer 24

force that must applied to prevent osmosis

Question 25

Colloid osmotic pressure gradient (pai)

Answer 25

osmotic pressure due to presence of proteins in plasma, but not in filtrate

Question 26

Hydrostatic pressure (pH)

Answer 26

blood pressure