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Bpk 205 > Lec 13 > Flashcards

Lec 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulus detected by

A

Receptor
Sensory cells
Neurons or anything

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2
Q

Signal is sent via ——— to cns

A

Neurons
Having Action Potential

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3
Q

How many neurons between receptor to cerebral cortex

A

3 neurons typically

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4
Q

If signal reaches cerebral cortex

A

Stimulus enters our consciousness

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5
Q

If signal does not reach cerebral cortex

A

Response is elicited without our conscious

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6
Q

Special senses

A

Special regions in brain

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7
Q

Somatic senses

A

Touch
Temperature
Pain
Itch
Proprioception

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8
Q

Somatic senses

A

Incoming/afferent

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9
Q

Somatic senses region in brain

A

Primary sensory cortex

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10
Q

Proprioception

A

Awareness of body movements and position in space

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11
Q

Subconscious processing example

A

Blood pressure
GI tract
Internal Temperature/PH/Osmolarity

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12
Q

Sensory receptors are

A

Transducer

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13
Q

Sensory cell specifically

A

Convert stimulus into an intracellular response
May or may not be neurons

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14
Q

4 main types of sensory neurons

A

Chemoreceptor
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors

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15
Q

Chemoreceptor example

A

PH, Na, Oxygen, Glucose

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16
Q

Mechanireceptor

A

Pressure, vibration, acceleration

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17
Q

Thermoreceptor example

A

Hot
Cold

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18
Q

Photoreceptor example

A

Light

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19
Q

Adequate stimulus

A

Form of energy to which sensory neuron is most responsive
-receptor may respond less strongly to other forms of stimulus

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20
Q

Stimulus

A

Change in membrane potential of receptor cell

*RECEPTOR POTENTIAL
(Graded potential in sensory cell)

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21
Q

Receptor potential can be

A

Depolarization (skin is touch)
Or
Hyperpolarization (light on retina)

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22
Q

Threshold stimulus

A

Minimum stimulus needed to generate enough receptor potential to produce intracellular response

23
Q

Intracellular response can be

A

AP firing (if receptor is neuron)
Or neurotransmitter release (if non-neuron) often release neurotransmitters for partner neuron, then neuron fire AP

24
Q

Sensory cells kind

A

1- neurons — sensory neurons
2- non-neurons — specialized sensory cell

25
Q

Transduction means

A

Extracellular to intracellular

26
Q

Primary sensory nerve endings

A
  • free nerve endings
    pain and temperature receptor
    Unmyelinated axon
    Slower rate

-enclosed nerve endings
pressure
Layers of connective tissue
Myelinated axon
Faster rate

27
Q

Primary sensory Synapse in ———

A

Spinal cord
Grey matter
Dorsal region

28
Q

Sensory receptors that are not neurons

A

Hair cell in inner ear
Machanoreceptor which has synapse with neuron

29
Q

Most special senses receptors are cells that ———

A

Release neurotransmitters onto sensory neurons

EXCEPT SMELL/olfactory

30
Q

Stimulus properties

A

Modality—what kinds
Location—where
Intensity—how strong(population and frequency)
Duration—how long

31
Q

Modality determined by

A

-sensory receptor that is activated
-area of the brain which sensory signal is sent

32
Q

Labeled Line Coding

A

Brain associate signal from particular receptors with specific modality

*photoreceptors are perceived as light even if activated by mechanical stress

33
Q

All sensory stimulus move through ——— instead ———

A

Thalamus
Olfactory

34
Q

Sensory neurons receptive field

A

Convergence—large receptive field
Small receptive field

35
Q

Convergence receptive field

A

Primary sensory neurons overlap to form one large secondary receptive field

Convergence primary fields allows simultaneous sub threshold stimuli to sum at secondary sensory neuron

Two stimuli within same secondary receptive field are perceived as one single point

*NO TWO POINT DISCRIMINATION

36
Q

Small receptive field

A

Fewer neuron convergence, smaller secondary receptive fields

Two stimuli active separately, point perceived as distinct stimuli

*TWO-POINT DISCRIMINATION

37
Q

Perception thresholds

A

Minimum stimulus intensity for activation higher neurons in sensory pathway

38
Q

Somatosensory cortex is proportional to

A

Sensitivity of that part

39
Q

More sensitive has higher chance of

A

Two point discrimination

40
Q

Lateral inhibition

A

Enhance contrast between activated receptive field and inactive neighbor
Makes stimulus easier to perceive

41
Q

Stimulus intensity

A

Proportional to number of receptors activated

Frequency of AP

42
Q

Duration

A

Coded by duration of AP
Some receptors can adapt

43
Q

Receptors adaptation

A

Tonic receptors:
—adapt slowly - fire for long duration

Phasic receptors:
—adapt rapidly - fore when stimulus changes

44
Q

Phasic receptors example

A

Olfactory neuron

45
Q

Somatic senses

A

Cutaneous: (free endings)
1-touch—mechanoreceptor
2-pain/itch—nociceptor
3-temperature—thermoreceptor

Proprioceptive:
Where you are and organs position

46
Q

Sense and respond rate is proportional to

A

Size and myelination

47
Q

Fiber types from fastest to slowest

A

I>II>III>IV

48
Q

Fiber type I example

A

Muscle/Proprioception

49
Q

Fiber type II example

A

Mechanical stimuli

50
Q

Fiber type III example

A

Cold, fast pain

51
Q

Fiver type IV example

A

Heat, slow pain

52
Q

Cutaneous sensory receptor types

A

Free nerve endings
Meissner corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini corpuscles
Merkel corpuscles

53
Q

Free nerve endings
Stimulus/location/structure/adaptation

A

Stimulus: temperature/noxious/hair movement
Location: around hair roots and under surface of skin
Structure: unmyelinated
Adaptation: variable

54
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Stimulus: vibration
Location: deep layers of skin
Structure: encapsulated in connective tissue
Adaptation: rapid

Bpk 205 (30 decks)

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