Lec 26 Flashcards

1
Q

air is composition of

A

78% N2
21% O2
0.033% CO2

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2
Q

Dalton LAw

A

total pressure exerted by mixture is sum of pressures exerted by all individuals gases

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3
Q

pressure exerted by individual gas

A

partial pressure

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4
Q

P gas in dry air

A

p atm * %gas in atmosphere

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5
Q

p gas in humid air

A

(p atm- p H2O) * %gas in atmosphere

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6
Q

P(CO2) and P(O2) in atmosphere

A

PO2=160 mmhg
PCO2= 0.25 mmhg

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7
Q

alveolar partial pressure

A

PO2= 100mmhg
PCO2= 40mmhg
because of still air

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8
Q

ventilation can vary to match —- with —-

A

perfusion with ventilation

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9
Q

O2 and CO2 should pass from what barriers in body

A

epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells

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10
Q

diffusion if gas is governed by – law

A

fick

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11
Q

rate of diffusion directlly proportional to

A

1- surface area (A)
2- membrane permeability (D)
3- partial pressure gradient

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12
Q

rate of diffusion inversely proportional to

A

1- diffusion distance (T)
membrane thickness
interstitial fluid

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13
Q

diffusion rate

A

ADdP/T^2

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14
Q

atmosphere and alveoli pressure gradient

A

O2 will diffuse inside alveoli (160>100)
CO2 will diffuse outside of alveoli to atmosphere(40>0.25)

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15
Q

pulmonary circulation is btw

A

alveoli and capillary

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16
Q

systemic circulation is btw

A

arterial and tissue

17
Q

P(O2) and P(CO2) arterial blood

A

100 mmHg
40 MMHg
large partial pressure gradient

18
Q

P(O2) and P(CO2) venous blood

A

<40 mmHg
>46 mmHg

19
Q

Diffusion reaches —- under normal circumstances

A

Equilibrium

20
Q

what it mens by diffusion equilibrium

A

Maximally offload CO2
Maximally upload O2

21
Q

Hypoxia

A

not enough O2

22
Q

Alveolar gas exchange is influenced by

A

1- adequate perfusion of alveoli
2- gas diffusion btw alveoli and blood
3- O2 reaching alveoli

23
Q

Factors that decrease O2 reaching the alveoli

A

1- low O2 content in atm
2- low alveolar ventilation

24
Q

low alveolar ventilation is caused by

A

1- decreased lung compliance
2- increased airway resistance
3- CNS depression(drug,alcohol)

25
Q

pathological conditions leads to hypoxia

A

1- emphysema
2- asthma
3- fibrotic lung disease
4- pulmonary edema

26
Q

Emphysema

A

destruction of alveoli
– less SA for gas exchange
Low SA , PO2 low or normal

27
Q

asthma

A

1-bronchioles constricted
2-increase airway resistance
3-decrease alveolar ventilation
Low PO2

28
Q

fibrotic lung disease

A

1- build up scar tissue around alveoli
2- thickened alveolar membrane
3- slow gas exchange
4- decrease alveolar ventilation
higher distance, normal or low PO2

29
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in interstitial space increases (heart failure)
arterial PCO2 may be normal as soluble in water
higher distance