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Bpk 205 > Lec 24 > Flashcards

Lec 24 Flashcards

1
Q

air flow pathway

A

1- nasal cavity
2- pharynx
3- larynx
4- trachea
5- primary bronchi
6- many smaller bronchi
7- bronchioles
8- terminal bronchioles
9- alveoli
10- air Sachs

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2
Q

upper respiratory system is

A

nasal cavity to larynx

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3
Q

lower respiratory system

A

trachea to alveoli

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4
Q

function of respiratory system

A

1- gas exchange
2- homeostatic regulaton of Ph: CO2 effect
3- condiotioning inspired air: warming, add water vapour
4- protection
5- vocalization

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5
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange I: atmosphere to lung
Exchange II: lung t blood
Transport of gases in blood
Exchange III: blood to cells

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6
Q

Lung to blood tissue exchange and important factors

A

alveoli to exchange epithelium
– fix law
– very thin capillaries

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7
Q

inspiration

A

air moves into lungs

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8
Q

expiration

A

air move out of lungs

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9
Q

ventilation

A

moving respiratory medium over respiratory surface

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10
Q

Which lung is bigger

A

right lung is slightly bigger

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11
Q

Left pleural cavity function

A

stick lungs to rib cage

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12
Q

Muscle of inspiration in normal breathing

A

1- external intercostals
2- diaphragm

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13
Q

external intercostal movement in normal breathing

A

up and out

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14
Q

diaphragm movement in normal breathing

A

down

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15
Q

forceful inspiration, extra muscles

A

1- sternocleido-mastoids
2- Scalenes

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16
Q

forceful expiration, extra muscles

A

1- internal intercostals
2- abdominal muscles

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17
Q

Lung intrapleural fluid

A

parietal pleura vs visceral pleura

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18
Q

parietal pleura function

A

stick to thoracic cavity wall

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19
Q

visceral pleura function

A

surround elestic tissue of lung

20
Q

Intrapleural fluid

A

1-watery
2- cannot separte parietal/visceral

21
Q

when lungs collapsed

A

if air enter to intrapleural space

22
Q

pleural membrane

A

1- visceral pleura
2- fluid intrapleural space
3- parietal pleura

23
Q

pleural sac function

A

1- protect lung
2- lubricate membrane and slide against each other
3- stick lungs tightly to the thoracic wll
4- important for keeping the lungs inflated

24
Q

Main role of the aairways

A

1- filter out foreign
2- warm air to body temperature
3- add water vapour = maximize exchange

25
Q

cartilage ring tissue

A

connective tissue
can’t vasoconstrict/vasodilate

26
Q

primary bronchus divide – more times to reach alveoli

A

22

27
Q

bronchiole tissue

A

no connective tissue–are adjustable

28
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

increase resistance
lower air flow

29
Q

bronchodilation

A

decrease resistance
increase air flow

30
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

lost watery layer

31
Q

common cause of increased airway resistance

A

mucus build up

32
Q

obstructive lung disease —- airway resistance

A

increase

33
Q

cross-sectional area of trachea

A

2.5 cm^2

34
Q

cross-scetionaal area of bronchioles

A

5*10^3 cm^2

35
Q

most of resistance to flow is in

A

trachea

36
Q

reistance is very low in

A

bronchioles

37
Q

bronchodilation

A

decreased resistance to air flow
1- paracrine response to CO2
2- SNS response
Gs – AC – cAMP – PKA

38
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

increased resistance to air flow
1- paracrine response to histamine released in an immune response
2- PNS response
Gq – PLC – IP3 – IP3R – Ca ion

39
Q

alveolar and capillaries key important factors

A

1- high surface area
2- low distance
3- concentration gradient

40
Q

Alveoli

A

1- bulk of lung tissue
2- each alveolus is made of one layer of epithelial cells

41
Q

two type of alveolar epithelial cells

A

1- type I alveolar cells
2- type II alveolar cells

42
Q

type I alveolar cell

A

-gas exchange
-95% of alveolar surface

43
Q

type II alveolar cell

A

make and secrete surfactant

44
Q

surfactant type

A

watery, lipidy

45
Q

surfactant caused lung to

A

inflate

Bpk 205 (30 decks)

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