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Bpk 205 > Lec 10-11 > Flashcards

Lec 10-11 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Brain/spinal cord

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2
Q

Brain protect by

A

Bones of cranium

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3
Q

Spinal cord protect by

A

Bones of vertebral column

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4
Q

Meninges

A

Tissue membrane
Stabilize and protect neural tissue
Lie between bones and brain/spinal cord

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5
Q

Meninges parts from out to in

A

1- Dura meter
2- Arachnoid membrane
3- Pia meter

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6
Q

Ventricles of brain

A

4 ventricles
-within ventricles CSF produce

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7
Q

Functions of CSF

A

1- Physical Protection
——keeps brain tissue buoyant(reduce pressure)
——absorbs shock

2- Chemical Protection
——delivering nutrients to the brain
——removing waste
——allow tightly regulated extracellular environment

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8
Q

CSF is produced in

A

Choroid Plexus of ventricles

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9
Q

Choroid plexus

A

-Meeting of capillaries and ependymal cells
-Plasma filtered into ventricles
-Ependymal cells selectively transport solutes, water flow by osmosis
-transport ions and nutrients from blood to cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

CSF composition

A

Similar chemical composition to plasma but
——very low protein content in CSF

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11
Q

CSF is absorbed from subarachnoid space into venous circulation by——

A

Arachnoid villi

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12
Q

Total volume of CSF in adult

A

150 ml
-rate of secretion and absorption is equal

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13
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Filled with CSF

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14
Q

Tight junction

A

Prevent moving larger solutes between endothelial cells

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15
Q

Astrocyte foot processes

A

Secrete paracrine onto endothelial cells that promote tight junction formation

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16
Q

Blood-Brain-Barrier

A

Blood-brain is leaky without astrocytes
Tight junction are caused by paracrine which is produced by astrocyte

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17
Q

Metabolic needs of neural tissue

A

1- Oxygen:
——pass freely across BBB
2- Glucose:
——need transporters - trancellularly
——only replacement is ketone——emergency situations
——brain consumption is about 20% of body total amount
——hypoglycemia leads to confusion

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18
Q

Gray matter

A

Nucleus
Dendrite/synapses
Deep inside or peripheral in BRAIN

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19
Q

White matter

A

Tracts of myelinated axon fibers
Lots of myelin

20
Q

Dorsal root

A

Posterior sensory
Bringing information to brain
Dorsal=Sensory=Afferent

21
Q

Ventral root

A

Outgoing information from brain to body
Ventral=Motor=Efferent

22
Q

Spinal cord

A

White is peripheral
Gray central

23
Q

Ascending tract

A

Axons from Spinal cord to brain

24
Q

Descending tract

A

Axons from brain to spinal cord

25
Q

Brain compartments

A

Forebrain
Brainstem
Cerebellum

26
Q

Medulla

A

Network automatic function
Ascending and descending tracts

27
Q

Pons

A

-some neuron for respiration
-Relay station for pathway

28
Q

Midbrain

A

Network eye movement and hearing

29
Q

12 cranial nerves

A

Main nerves that project directly to/from brain rather than spinal cord

30
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Control of limb movement,
eye movement,
Smoothing the movements when you want
Preventing movement when you don’t want

31
Q

Loss of neurons in basal ganglia

A

Huntington disease
Parkinson disease

32
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

1- Frontal Lobe——think
2- Parietal Lobe——touch, smell, hear
3- Occipital Lobe ——vision
4- Temporal Lobe ——hearing

33
Q

Only lobe that is two

A

Temporal lobe

34
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station: receive sensory and motor info

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis and behavior

36
Q

Pituitary gland

A

1- anterior: secrete hormones
2- posterior: secrete neurohormone that are mad in hypothalamus

37
Q

Pineal gland

A

Secrete melatonin and regulate sleep-wake cycle

38
Q

Major homeostatic control center

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

Hypothalamus functions

A

1- maintain body temperature
2- control body osmolarity
3- influence cardiovascular control
4- secrete trophic hormones

40
Q

Limbic system

A

1- cingulate gyrus
2- hippocampus —— memory
3- amygdala —— emotion

41
Q

Cerebullum

A

Rate,range,force of movement
Input: all senses
Output: cortex via thalamus and spinal cord via brain stem

42
Q

Broca’s area

A

Verbally responding

43
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Language understanding center

44
Q

Damage to wernicke

A

Receptive aphasia
Loss of understanding but expression without meaning

45
Q

Damage to broca

A

Expressive Aphasia
Understanding maintain but lose ability of expression

Bpk 205 (30 decks)

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