Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bpk 205 > Lec 02 > Flashcards

Lec 02 Flashcards

1
Q

By what means cells are grouped?

A

Physically and functionally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

By what materials cell are grouped?

A

-Extracellular matrix
-Special cell adhesion proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ECM has variable —————?

A

Consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ECM different consistency

A

1- Bone
2- Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell junction types

A

1- Gap junction — heart contract as a whole
2- Tight junction — lumen, making a barrier
3- Anchoring junction — anchor cells to ECM or to each others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gap junction example

A

Connexin proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tight junction example

A

Claudin and Occludin proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anchor junction example

A

Desmosome: cell-to-cell anchoring Ex:
Cadherin proteins

Hemidesmosomes: cell-to-ECM anchoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Four major tissue types of body

A

1- Epithelial
2- Connective tissue cells
3- Muscle
4- Neural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

-Found at surfaces
-Protect internal environment of the body AND regulate exchange of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epithelial cell types

A

Exchange, protective, ciliated, transporting, secretory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Connective tissue

A

MADE:
Cells and collagen
FUNCTION:
Structural support AND physical barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Connective cell types

A

Blood cell, bone cell, fibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Muscle tissue function

A

Generate contractile force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscle cell type

A

Smooth, skeletal, cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neural tissue function

A

NEURONS:
Info transfer (chemical/electrical)
GLIAL CELLS:
Support for neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Epithelial tissue types

A

1– exchange: lungs gas transport
2- protective: epidermis
3- ciliated: protection upper airways
4- secretory: secret oil/sweat
5- transporting: small instestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Apical

A

Faces out of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Basolateral

A

Faces ECM and ECF membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Connective tissue types

A

1- loose — beneath the skin — fibroblasts
2- dense — strength and flexibility — smooth muscles
3- adipose tissue
4- blood — rbc/wbc
5- cartilage — fat cells
6- bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Only excitable cells

A

Muscle and neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Membrane transport

A

Across cell membrane (physical barrier)
Selectively permeable (small and hydrophobic can pass)
Membrane: hydrophobic bilayer
Transport depends on lipid/protein composition

23
Q

Membrane permeability

A

Lipid solubility/molecular size
HIGHLY PERMEABLE: gases, small lipophilic

24
Q

Membrane permeability can be enhanced

A

-May need membrane proteins/vesicular transport
-May need energy
-Endocytosis/exocytosis

25
Non facilitated transport
Simple diffusion
26
Facilitated transport
Protein-mediated transport (Channels vs transporters) Passive vs active
27
Vesicular transport
Endocytosis Exocytosis Phagocytosis
28
Diffusion
From higher to lower concentration (down chemical concentration) Passive — no energy Simple diffusion: across phospholipid bilayer — lipophilic molecules Facilitated diffusion: protein-mediated transport
29
Fick law diffusion
Rate of diffusion: Surface area * concentration gradient * membrane permeability (All have positive effects)
30
Membrane permeability will increase by:
Lipid solubility increases Or Molecular size decrease
31
Protein roles
Structural: connect to cytoskeleton, form cell junction Enzymes: catalyze reaction Membrane transport: channels and carriers Receptors: cell signaling
32
Protein-mediated membrane transport
Large or lipophobic atoms and molecules
33
Protein-mediated transport types
Facilitated/passive diffusion: move down the concentration gradient towards equilibrium Active transport/need energy: move against the concentration gradient and away from equilibrium
34
Facilitated diffusion example
Ions
35
Active transport ex.
Glucose
36
Channels
-Water filled pore connecting ecf and icf - Facilitated diffusion—always passive transport (only down the gradient) Allow to pass: small/water/ion (na/k/ca/cl) - most have gates - transport is fast
37
Carriers/transporters
-Open to one side or the other -Facilitated diffusion or active transport -may be selective -can carry larger molecules -Slower than channels -might be down or up the gradient -might need ATP
38
Type of channels
1-Passive/leak channels 2-Voltage-gated channels 3-Ligand-gated channels 4-Mechanically-gated channels
39
Passive/leak channels
Always open Potassium ion
40
Voltage-gated channel
Open and close in response to change in membrane voltage
41
Ligand-gated channel
Open when specified chemical molecules binds to channel protein -Drug/Hormone
42
Mechanically-gated channel
Open and close due to physical disturbance of membrane
43
Selective depends on:
1- diameter of the pore 2- electrical charge of amino acid lining
44
Membrane carriers proteins
Sodium-Glucose Transporter Facilitated or active transport Inward-facing vs outward-facing
45
Carrier proteins types
1-Uniport carriers —only one kind of substrate 2-Symport carries —move two substrates in the same direction 3-Antiport carriers —move substrates in opposite directions
46
Antiport carriers energy usage
Not all of them require energy
47
Active transport
Move away from eq Requires energy 2 types -primary active transport Directly uses ATP -secondary active transport Uses potential energy stored in concentration gradient Symport/antiport mechanism
48
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
49
ATP
1- metabolic product of glycolysis, citric cycle, electron transport 2- Release energy when phosphate bond is broken
50
Na/K pump
Primary 3 Na out 2 K in Make inside the cell negative
51
Sodium-glucose transporter
Symport Secondary transport Uses sodium gradient energy to transport glucose
52
Larger molecules transport
Endocytosis and Exocytosis For neurotransmitters and vesicular transport
53
Transcellular Transport
Transport through the cell Ion/molecule cross apical and basolateral membranes
54
Paracellular Transport
Molecules pass between adjacent cells Regulated by presence of tight junction

Bpk 205 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions