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Bpk 205 > Lec 23 > Flashcards

Lec 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell synthesis in the bone marrow

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2
Q

Hemostasis

A

blood clotting

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3
Q

blood is – percent of body weight

A

7

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4
Q

what kind of tissue is

A

connective

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5
Q

how many liters in male and female

A

5l and 4l

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6
Q

explain blood tissue compostion

A

1- watery ECM (plasma)
2- RBC (erythrocytes)
3- WBC (leukocytes)
4- Platelets

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7
Q

ecm bone vs blood

A

bone=rigid
blood=watery

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8
Q

RBC main function

A

gas transport

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9
Q

WBC main function

A

immune function

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10
Q

platelets main function

A

hemostasis

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11
Q

platelets are

A

cellular elements that used to be a giant cells
not cells

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12
Q

hematocrit

A

percentage of total blood volume that is occupied by RBC

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13
Q

hematocrit in males

A

40-54

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14
Q

hematocrit in female

A

37-47

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15
Q

plasma volume percentage

A

58%

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16
Q

white cells percentage

A

<1%

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17
Q

white cell physical function in blood

A

buffer layer
plateletes and white cells between plasma and rbc

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18
Q

whithin active bone marrow – become rbc and rest become wbc

A

25%

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19
Q

rbc lifespan

A

120 days

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20
Q

wbc lifespan

A

6-12 hours

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21
Q

—– smashes to produce platelets

A

megakaryocyte

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22
Q

hematopoietic stem cell can become

A

wbc
rbc
platelets

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23
Q

cytokines

A

proteins released from 1 cell that affect activity of others

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24
Q

cytokines involved in hematopoiesis

A

1- erythropoietin (ETO)
2- thrombopoietin (TPO)

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25
Q

erythropoietin site of production and influence growth on

A

produce in kidney
influence on growth rbc

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26
Q

thrombopoitenin site of production and influence growth on

A

produce in liver
influence on growth wbc

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27
Q

hypoxia

A

low level O2 in arterial blood

28
Q

hypoxia sensed by

A

kidney

29
Q

hypoxia sensing by kidney reaction

A

1- kidney mkes EPO
2- EPO act on progenitor cell in bone marrow to produce erythropoiesis
3- increase #of rbc
4- increase O2 transporting capability

30
Q

RBC contain

A

hemoglobin

31
Q

hemoglobin has – subunit

A

4

32
Q

each subunit hemoglobin is

A

porphyrin ring with an iron atom in the center

33
Q

Fe binds to

A

O2

34
Q

FE binding to O2 is

A

cooperative

35
Q

Anemia

A

low RBC count

36
Q

result anemia

A

1-decreased hemoglobin content
accelerated RBC loss
reduce o2 carrying capacity
decreased RBC production

37
Q

accelerated RBC loss

A

blood loss
hemolytic anemia
RBC degradation > production

38
Q

Anemia reasons

A

1- genetic (sickle cell anemia)
2- malaria

39
Q

Decreased RBC production

A

aplastic anemia
drug/radiation
dietery insufficiencies
iron/folic acid/vit B12

40
Q

Malaria

A

infect normal RBC and kill it
malaria cannot infect sickle cell anemia

41
Q

hemorrhage

A

loss of the blood from the vessels

42
Q

hemostasis

A

keeping blood inside the blood vessel

43
Q

4 step of hemostais

A

1- vasoconstriction
2- platlet plugformation
3- coagulation (forming of blood)
4- dissolution of clot (fibrinolysis)

44
Q

plateletplug formation

A

collagen vessel wall exposed into lumen blood cell
1-exposed collagen binds together
2- activate platelets
3- release of platelet factor
4- factor attract more platelets (positive feedback)
5- platelets aggregation into platelet plug

45
Q

Coagulation cascade change platelet plug to

A

fibrous clot

46
Q

Coagulation cascade of reactions activate enzymes leading to production of

A

fibrin

47
Q

coagulation pathway kinds

A

1- intrinsic pathway
2- extrinsic pathway

48
Q

intrinsic pathway

A

involve plasma proteins
Initiated by exposure of collagen

49
Q

extrinsic pathway

A

release tissue factor from damaged tissue

50
Q

release factor is

A

protein and phospholipid

51
Q

both pathways of coagulation will activate

A

factor X

52
Q

factor X formation will make a positive feedback in

A

extrinsic pathway

53
Q

factor x will activate

A

thrombin from thrombinogen

54
Q

thrombin activate

A

fibrin(insoluble) from fibrinogen(soluble)

55
Q

thrombin will make a positive feedback in

A

intrinsic pathway

56
Q

active factor XIII will

A

produce fibrin cross-links forming mesh-like net

57
Q

why stepwise reactions of coagulation happens

A

insures we make clot only when we really need clot

58
Q

Vasoconstriction happens due to

A

paracrine signals from endothelium

59
Q

blood type refers to

A

aantigens on rbc

60
Q

antigens are

A

inherited surface proteins

61
Q

antibodies will make against

A

antigens you don’t have

62
Q

+/- sign in blood group refer to

A

carry rhesus (Rh) factor antigen

63
Q

Rh- people only make anti-Rh antibodies if —-

A

explicitly exposed to Rh+ blood

64
Q

universal donor is

A

O-

65
Q
A

Bpk 205 (30 decks)

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