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Bpk 205 > Lec 30 > Flashcards

Lec 30 Flashcards

1
Q

why Na and water are important

A

ECF volume and osmolarity

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2
Q

why k is important

A

cardiac and muscle function

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3
Q

why Ca is important

A

exocytosis, muscle contraction, bone formation

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4
Q

why h and hco3 are important

A

ph balance

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5
Q

body must maintain

A

mass balance
input + cellular respiration = cellular consumption + excretion

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6
Q

excretion route is via

A

kidney

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7
Q

what come in body in excess of needs musy

A

excrete

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8
Q

fluid and electrolyte balance involve

A

integration of respiratory, renal, cardiovascular system

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9
Q

most abundant compound of body

A

water

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10
Q

water gain by

A

food and drink
metabolism

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11
Q

water loss by

A

skin
lungs
urine
feces

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12
Q

water in male

A

30 L

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13
Q

water in female

A

42 L

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14
Q

kidney remove or conserve body fluid b y

A

regulate amount of H2O reabsorb

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15
Q

final osmolarity of urine depend on

A

hormona regualtion of H2O reabsorption in distal nephron

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16
Q

descending limp absorbtion

A

water

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17
Q

ascending limb absorption

A

ions but no water
creating hyposmotic fluid

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18
Q

distal tubule reabsorption

A

variable water and solutes

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19
Q

collecting duct reabsorption

A

water by aquaporin/vasopressin

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20
Q

vassopressin (ADH) is

A

neurohormone

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21
Q

ADH released by

A

posterior pituitary gland

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22
Q

stimuli for ADH release

A

1- high plasma osmolarity
2- low blood volume
3- low blood pressure

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23
Q

ADH control

A

additon of water poles (aquaporines) into apical membrane of collecting duct

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24
Q

result ADH

A

increased water reabsorption
more concentrated urine

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25
response may be --- and depend on amount of hormone released
graded
26
low BP
1- sense by carotid and aortic baroreceptors 2- sensory to hypothalamus 3- hypothalamic neuron synthesize ADH 4- ADH release from posterior pituitary 5- collecting duct epithelium 6- insertion water pores 7- increased water reabsorption
27
low blood volume
1- decrease arterial stretch 2- arterial stretch receptor 3- sensory to hypothalamus 3- hypothalamic neuron synthesize ADH 4- ADH release from posterior pituitary 5- collecting duct epithelium 6- insertion water pores 7- increased water reabsorption
28
high osmolarity
1- hypothalamic osmoreceptors 2- interneurons to hypothalamus 3- hypothalamic neuron synthesize ADH 4- ADH release from posterior pituitary 5- collecting duct epithelium 6- insertion water pores 7- increased water reabsorption
29
ADH production has -- feedback
negative
30
Aldosterone regulate
Na reabsorption
31
Aldosterone properties:
1- steroid hormone 2- synthesis and released from adrenal cortex 3- act on principal cells of distal tubule and collecting duct
32
stimuli aldosterone release
1- angiotensin II (low BP and RAS) 2- hyperkalemia (high K in plasma)
33
aldosterone result
1- Na reabsorption 2- K secretion
34
very high osmolarity has --- impact on adrenal cortex aldosterone release
negative
35
low Bp stimulate
renin secretion
36
renin is a
enzyme
37
renin secretion pathway
1- low bP 2- low GFR--low flow--macula densa sense--paracrine--granullar cells afferent arteriole 3-direct effect stretch receptor on granular cells 4- cardio vascular control center--increase sympathetic activity--granullar cells afferent arteriole all result in renin secretion
38
renin will activate --
angiotensiogen to ANG I then ANG i will convert to ANG ii by ACE
39
ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
40
ACE located on
all vascular endothelial cells
41
ANG ii will effect on
aldosterone release from adrenal cortex
42
aldosterone will
increase Na reabsorption water will follow
43
ANG ii has other targets as well
1- cardiovascular control center: increaase CO 2- arterioles: powerful directly vasoconstrictor 3-hypothalamus: increase vasopressin release/salt apetite/ thirst
44
H+ input
diet metabolism
45
H+ output
ventilation **primary** renal **second if ventilation doesn't work**
46
Maintain PH homeostasis mechanism
1- buffers: Hb, HCO3-,proteins 2- regulation of ventilation (rate & depth) :pCO2 and carbonic acid 3- kidneys: secretion/absorption H+
47
regualtion of ventilation stimuli
1- increase H+ 2- increase CO2 happens immediately
48
low PCO2 is sensed by
carotid amd aortic and central chemoreceptors
49
regulation of ventilation pathway
1- sensed by chemoreceptor --carotid/aortic by **sensory neuron ** --central chemoreceptors by **interneuron** 2-respiratory center in medulla 3- increase Ap in somatic motor neuron 4- muscle ventilation 5- increase rate and depth of breathing 6- decrease plasma PCO2 7- increase PH
50
regulation of ventilation negative feedbacks
1- high Ph effect on carotid/aortic chemoreceptors 2- low PCO2 effect on central chemoreceptors
51
Renal compensation
regulation of acid-base balance in collecting duct -- intercalated (I) cells between P cells: 1- high level of carbonic anhydrase 2-type A I cells secrete H+ and reabsorb HCO3- 3-type A II cells secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H
52
type A I cells respond to
acidosis
53
type A II cells respond to
alkalosis
54
CA in body is in:
1- ECM 2- EX fluid 3- intracellular Ca
55
CA in ECM
calcified matrix in bone and teath
56
Ca in ECF
1- Nt 2- role in myocaridal and smooth muscle contraction 3- cofactor in coagulation 4- influence excitability
57
Ca in intracellular
1- skeletal muscle contraction 2- secondary message signal (Gq)
58
structure of bone
connective tissue remodeled throughout of life calcified ECM
59
Calcified ECM is called
hydroxyapatite
60
what synthesize bone
osteoblast
61
what resorb bone
osteoclast
62
drug for osteoprosis prevent --
osteoclast
63
mechaism regulate calcium homeostais in body
1- parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2-Calcitriol (vit D3) 3-Calcitonin
64
PTh will
increase Ca resorption from bone increase CA reabsorption by kidney increase Ca absorption by GI
65
calcitriol will
increase Ca absorption by GI
66
calcitonin will
increase depostion of Ca in bone (bone formation) decrease Ca level in (aq)
67
PTH origin
parathyroid gland
68
PTH steroid or peptide
peptide
69
PTH biosynthesis
continuous production, little storage
70
PTH half time
short half time
71
PTH stimulus
low plasma Ca
72
PTH target cell
kidney, bone, intestine
73
PTH target receptor
membrane receptor via cAMP
74
Calcitriol origin
skin, kidney, liver change light to D3
75
calcitriol peptide or steroid
steroid
76
calcitriol transport in circulation
via bounding to plasma protein
77
calcitriol target cell
intestine, bone, kidney
78
calcitriol target receptor
nuclear
79
Calcitonin origin
C cells thyroid gland
80
Calcitonin peptide or steroid
peptide
81
Calcitonin half life
short half life
82
Calcitonin target cell
bone and kidney
83
Calcitonin target receptor
G protein coupled membrane receptor
84
Calcitonin major role in
child/adolescent
85
Calcitonin stimulus
high Ca in plasma
86
Calcitonin function
inhibit osteoclast decrease renal absorption
87

Bpk 205 (30 decks)

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