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Bpk 205 > Lec 30 > Flashcards

Lec 30 Flashcards

1
Q

why Na and water are important

A

ECF volume and osmolarity

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2
Q

why k is important

A

cardiac and muscle function

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3
Q

why Ca is important

A

exocytosis, muscle contraction, bone formation

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4
Q

why h and hco3 are important

A

ph balance

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5
Q

body must maintain

A

mass balance
input + cellular respiration = cellular consumption + excretion

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6
Q

excretion route is via

A

kidney

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7
Q

what come in body in excess of needs musy

A

excrete

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8
Q

fluid and electrolyte balance involve

A

integration of respiratory, renal, cardiovascular system

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9
Q

most abundant compound of body

A

water

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10
Q

water gain by

A

food and drink
metabolism

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11
Q

water loss by

A

skin
lungs
urine
feces

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12
Q

water in male

A

30 L

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13
Q

water in female

A

42 L

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14
Q

kidney remove or conserve body fluid b y

A

regulate amount of H2O reabsorb

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15
Q

final osmolarity of urine depend on

A

hormona regualtion of H2O reabsorption in distal nephron

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16
Q

descending limp absorbtion

A

water

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17
Q

ascending limb absorption

A

ions but no water
creating hyposmotic fluid

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18
Q

distal tubule reabsorption

A

variable water and solutes

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19
Q

collecting duct reabsorption

A

water by aquaporin/vasopressin

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20
Q

vassopressin (ADH) is

A

neurohormone

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21
Q

ADH released by

A

posterior pituitary gland

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22
Q

stimuli for ADH release

A

1- high plasma osmolarity
2- low blood volume
3- low blood pressure

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23
Q

ADH control

A

additon of water poles (aquaporines) into apical membrane of collecting duct

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24
Q

result ADH

A

increased water reabsorption
more concentrated urine

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25
Q

response may be — and depend on amount of hormone released

A

graded

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26
Q

low BP

A

1- sense by carotid and aortic baroreceptors
2- sensory to hypothalamus
3- hypothalamic neuron synthesize ADH
4- ADH release from posterior pituitary
5- collecting duct epithelium
6- insertion water pores
7- increased water reabsorption

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27
Q

low blood volume

A

1- decrease arterial stretch
2- arterial stretch receptor
3- sensory to hypothalamus
3- hypothalamic neuron synthesize ADH
4- ADH release from posterior pituitary
5- collecting duct epithelium
6- insertion water pores
7- increased water reabsorption

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28
Q

high osmolarity

A

1- hypothalamic osmoreceptors
2- interneurons to hypothalamus
3- hypothalamic neuron synthesize ADH
4- ADH release from posterior pituitary
5- collecting duct epithelium
6- insertion water pores
7- increased water reabsorption

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29
Q

ADH production has – feedback

A

negative

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30
Q

Aldosterone regulate

A

Na reabsorption

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31
Q

Aldosterone properties:

A

1- steroid hormone
2- synthesis and released from adrenal cortex
3- act on principal cells of distal tubule and collecting duct

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32
Q

stimuli aldosterone release

A

1- angiotensin II (low BP and RAS)
2- hyperkalemia (high K in plasma)

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33
Q

aldosterone result

A

1- Na reabsorption
2- K secretion

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34
Q

very high osmolarity has — impact on adrenal cortex aldosterone release

A

negative

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35
Q

low Bp stimulate

A

renin secretion

36
Q

renin is a

A

enzyme

37
Q

renin secretion pathway

A

1- low bP
2- low GFR–low flow–macula densa sense–paracrine–granullar cells afferent arteriole
3-direct effect stretch receptor on granular cells
4- cardio vascular control center–increase sympathetic activity–granullar cells afferent arteriole
all result in renin secretion

38
Q

renin will activate –

A

angiotensiogen to ANG I
then ANG i will convert to ANG ii by ACE

39
Q

ACE

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme

40
Q

ACE located on

A

all vascular endothelial cells

41
Q

ANG ii will effect on

A

aldosterone release from adrenal cortex

42
Q

aldosterone will

A

increase Na reabsorption
water will follow

43
Q

ANG ii has other targets as well

A

1- cardiovascular control center: increaase CO
2- arterioles: powerful directly vasoconstrictor
3-hypothalamus: increase vasopressin release/salt apetite/ thirst

44
Q

H+ input

A

diet
metabolism

45
Q

H+ output

A

ventilation primary
renal second if ventilation doesn’t work

46
Q

Maintain PH homeostasis mechanism

A

1- buffers: Hb, HCO3-,proteins
2- regulation of ventilation (rate & depth) :pCO2 and carbonic acid
3- kidneys: secretion/absorption H+

47
Q

regualtion of ventilation stimuli

A

1- increase H+
2- increase CO2
happens immediately

48
Q

low PCO2 is sensed by

A

carotid amd aortic and central chemoreceptors

49
Q

regulation of ventilation pathway

A

1- sensed by chemoreceptor
–carotid/aortic by **sensory neuron **
–central chemoreceptors by interneuron
2-respiratory center in medulla
3- increase Ap in somatic motor neuron
4- muscle ventilation
5- increase rate and depth of breathing
6- decrease plasma PCO2
7- increase PH

50
Q

regulation of ventilation negative feedbacks

A

1- high Ph effect on carotid/aortic chemoreceptors
2- low PCO2 effect on central chemoreceptors

51
Q

Renal compensation

A

regulation of acid-base balance in collecting duct
– intercalated (I) cells between P cells:
1- high level of carbonic anhydrase
2-type A I cells secrete H+ and reabsorb HCO3-
3-type A II cells secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H

52
Q

type A I cells respond to

A

acidosis

53
Q

type A II cells respond to

A

alkalosis

54
Q

CA in body is in:

A

1- ECM
2- EX fluid
3- intracellular Ca

55
Q

CA in ECM

A

calcified matrix in bone and teath

56
Q

Ca in ECF

A

1- Nt
2- role in myocaridal and smooth muscle contraction
3- cofactor in coagulation
4- influence excitability

57
Q

Ca in intracellular

A

1- skeletal muscle contraction
2- secondary message signal (Gq)

58
Q

structure of bone

A

connective tissue
remodeled throughout of life
calcified ECM

59
Q

Calcified ECM is called

A

hydroxyapatite

60
Q

what synthesize bone

A

osteoblast

61
Q

what resorb bone

A

osteoclast

62
Q

drug for osteoprosis prevent –

A

osteoclast

63
Q

mechaism regulate calcium homeostais in body

A

1- parathyroid hormone (PTH)
2-Calcitriol (vit D3)
3-Calcitonin

64
Q

PTh will

A

increase Ca resorption from bone
increase CA reabsorption by kidney
increase Ca absorption by GI

65
Q

calcitriol will

A

increase Ca absorption by GI

66
Q

calcitonin will

A

increase depostion of Ca in bone
(bone formation)
decrease Ca level in (aq)

67
Q

PTH origin

A

parathyroid gland

68
Q

PTH steroid or peptide

A

peptide

69
Q

PTH biosynthesis

A

continuous production, little storage

70
Q

PTH half time

A

short half time

71
Q

PTH stimulus

A

low plasma Ca

72
Q

PTH target cell

A

kidney, bone, intestine

73
Q

PTH target receptor

A

membrane receptor via cAMP

74
Q

Calcitriol origin

A

skin, kidney, liver change light to D3

75
Q

calcitriol peptide or steroid

A

steroid

76
Q

calcitriol transport in circulation

A

via bounding to plasma protein

77
Q

calcitriol target cell

A

intestine, bone, kidney

78
Q

calcitriol target receptor

A

nuclear

79
Q

Calcitonin origin

A

C cells thyroid gland

80
Q

Calcitonin peptide or steroid

A

peptide

81
Q

Calcitonin half life

A

short half life

82
Q

Calcitonin target cell

A

bone and kidney

83
Q

Calcitonin target receptor

A

G protein coupled membrane receptor

84
Q

Calcitonin major role in

A

child/adolescent

85
Q

Calcitonin stimulus

A

high Ca in plasma

86
Q

Calcitonin function

A

inhibit osteoclast
decrease renal absorption

87
Q
A

Bpk 205 (30 decks)

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