Last minute review extra Flashcards
Magnesium sulfate:
Relaxes smooth muscle via Ca²⁺ channel interference.
Respiratory Meds SE:
antihist
anticholin
inhaled steroids
montelukast/zileuton
glucocort
Side Effects
Sedation (1st gen antihistamines), dry mouth (anticholinergics), thrush (inhaled steroids), neuropsych (montelukast/zileuton), adrenal suppression (glucocorticoids)
What is the difference btwn using Cromolyn and Albuterol?
Cromolyn (preventative) vs. Albuterol (rescue)
What is an example of Not Effective vs. Contraindicated with asthma meds?
LABA monotherapy is contraindicated in asthma (↑ death risk)
Cromolyn not effective during acute attacks
Acute Severe Asthma Treatment
Oxygen
Systemic glucocorticoid
Nebulized SABA (albuterol) + ipratropium
Possible: MgSO₄, terbutaline SQ, reslizumab for eosinophilic phenotype
Side effects for the GI meds:
Misoprostol
Cimetidine
Loperamide
PPIs
Metoclopramide
Side Effects
Misoprostol: pregnancy risk (Category X)
Cimetidine: gynecomastia, CNS
Loperamide: ileus if used with infectious diarrhea
PPIs: ↑ fracture risk, ↓ nutrient absorption
Metoclopramide: tardive dyskinesia (long term)
What is an example btwn Not Effective vs. Contraindicated for GI meds?
Loperamide: contraindicated in infectious diarrhea
Avoid antacids with H2 blockers (interfere with absorption)
COX Isoenzymes & Pathways
COX-1: “housekeeping” – gastric protection, platelets (thromboxane)
COX-2: inducible – inflammation, pain, fever (prostacyclin)
Arachidonic acid → prostaglandins, leukotrienes
NSAID: target tissue responses (TEs), SE
Drugs: Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib
MOA: Inhibit COX → ↓ PGs
TE: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antithrombotic
SE: GI ulceration, bleeding, Reye’s syndrome (ASA in kids), renal issues
Glucocorticoids: classes; MOAs; TEs; SEs
Drugs: Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Dexamethasone
MOA: ↓ phospholipase A2 (via lipocortin), ↓ cytokines
TE: ↓ inflammation, immunosuppression
SE: Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, adrenal suppression, cataracts
