Lab Referance Ranges

Question 1

Calcium, total

Answer 1

8.5-10.5mg/dL

Calculate corrected calcium if albumin is low

Question 2

Magnesium

Answer 2

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Decreased due to PPIs, diuretics

Question 3

Phosphate (PO4)

Answer 3

2.3-4.7 mg/dL

Increased in renal failure

Question 4

Potassium (K)

Answer 4

3.5-5 mEq/L

Increased due to ACE, ARB, aliskiren, canagliflozin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, SMX/TMP, NSAIDs

Question 5

Sodium (Na)

Answer 5

135-145 mEq/L

Decreased due to SSRIs, diuretics, carbamazepine

Question 6

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Answer 6

Venous: 24-30 mEq/L
Arterial: 22-26 mEq/L

Decreased to to topimax

Question 7

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 7

7-20 mg/dL

Increased in renal impairment and dehydration

Question 8

Serum Creatinine (SCr)

Answer 8

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

Question 9

Anion Gap (AG)

Answer 9

5-12 mEq/L

Increased AG suggests metabolic acidosis

Question 10

WBCs

Answer 10

4000-11000 cells/mm3

Question 11

Neutrophils

Answer 11

45-73%

Question 12

Bands

Answer 12

3-5%

Immature neutrophils

Question 13

Eosinophils

Answer 13

0-5%

Parasitic infection, allergies

Question 14

Basophils

Answer 14

0-1%

Hypersensitivity rxn

Question 15

Lymphocytes

Answer 15

20-40%

Viral infections

Question 16

RBCs

Answer 16

Males: 4.5-5.5
Females: 4.1-4.9

Question 17

Hemoglobin

Answer 17

Males: 13.5-18 g/dL
Females: 12-16 g/dL

Question 18

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Answer 18

80-100 fL

Increased when B12 or folate deficiency
Decreased due to iron deficiency

Question 19

Folic Acid (Folate)

Answer 19

5-25 mcg/L

Question 20

Vitamin B12

Answer 20

> 200 pg/mL

Decreased due to PPIs, metformin

Question 21

Antifactor Xa Activity (Anti-Xa)

Answer 21

1-2 IU/mL (therapeutic LMWH)

Obtain a peak anti-Xa 4hrs after SC LMWH

Question 22

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Answer 22

10-13 seconds

Question 23

Internationalized Normalized Ratio (INR)

Answer 23

<1.2 for those not on warfarin

Increased INR w/o warfarin is due to liver disease

Question 24

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT or PTT)

Answer 24

22-38 seconds (“control”)

Treatment goal on UFH: 1.5-2.5x control

Question 25

Platelets (PLTs)

Answer 25

150,000-450,000/mm3

Question 26

Albumin

Answer 26

3.5-5 g/dL Highly bound protein bound drugs are impacted by changes in albumin- warfarin Phenytoin, valproic acid, and calcium require correction for low albumin

Question 27

AST - Aspartate Aminotransferase

Answer 27

10-40 units/L

Question 28

ALT - Alanine Aminotransferase

Answer 28

10-40 units/L

Question 29

Bilirubin

Answer 29

0.1-1.2 mg/dL Used to determine other cause of liver damage and detect bile duct blockage

Question 30

Amylase

Answer 30

60-180 units/L Pancreatitis

Question 31

Lipase

Answer 31

5-160 units/L Pancreatitis

Question 32

Creating Kinase (CK) or Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)

Answer 32

Males: 55-170 IU/L Females: 30-135 IU/L Muscle inflammation or muscle damage

Question 33

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Answer 33

<100 pg/mL

Question 34

LDL

Answer 34

<100 mg/dL

Question 35

Total Cholesterol

Answer 35

<200 mg/dL Fasting begins 9-12hr prior to lipid blood draw

Question 36

HDL

Answer 36

>60 mg/dL

Question 37

Triglycerides

Answer 37

<150 mg/dL

Question 38

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

Answer 38

0-0.5 mg/dL

Question 39

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Answer 39

>125 mg/dL is positive for diabetes 100-125 mg/dL is positive for pre-diabetes Fasting is 8+ hrs

Question 40

Hemoglobin A1C

Answer 40

<7% (ADA) | <6.5% (AACE)

Question 41

Preprandial Blood Glucose

Answer 41

80-130 mg/dL

Question 42

Postprandial Blood Glucose

Answer 42

<180 mg/dL Taken 1-2hr after the start of eating

Question 43

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 43

0.3-3 mlU/L

Question 44

Uric Acid

Answer 44

Males: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL Females: 2-6.5 mg/dL

Question 45

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Answer 45

Males: <20 mm/hr Females: <30 mm/hr

Question 46

CD4+ Lymphocyte Count

Answer 46

800-1,100 cells/mm3

Question 47

pH

Answer 47

7.35-7.45

Question 48

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

Answer 48

<4 ng/mL

Question 49

Lactic Acid (lactate)

Answer 49

0.5-2.2 mEq/L Indicates anaerobic metabolism (running, and sepsis)

Question 50

Vitamin D, serum 25 (OH)

Answer 50

>30 ng/mL