Lab Final Flashcards
1
Q
Define erythroblastosis fetalis.
A
Fetal RBC destruction
2
Q
Eosin Methylene Blue Agar meaning?
A
Poor/no growth, inhibited by eosin and methylene blue, Gr +
Good growth, not inhibited by eosin and methylene blue, Gr -
Green metalic growth, ferments lactose with acid, coliform
3
Q
What does the GasPak Anaerobic System do?
A
Creates anaerobic, microaerophilic, or CO2 enriched conditions
4
Q
What is EMB used for?
A
Fecal coliform
5
Q
How is a motility test done?
A
Stabbing the broth with a straight needle.
6
Q
When is blood agar used?
A
Isolation and cultivation of bacteria; Differentiate bacteria based upon hemolytic characteristics
7
Q
With wet mount and hanging mount looking for motility, what could cause a false negative?
A
Water dries up.
Too many microbes on slide - no room to move.
If a culture is too old or cold.
8
Q
What is the Acid-Fast Stain Technique?
C A M
A
Heat fix, carbolfuchsin, water, alcohol, water, MB, water, blot
9
Q
What is in the GasPak?
A
sodium borohydride and sodium bicarbonate
10
Q
The incubation of nitrate broth after the addition of reagents and zinc, what is the positive result?
A
No color change
11
Q
How is this broth described?
A
Flocculence (clumping)
12
Q
What is the name of the bacteria that grows between 20 degrees and 45 degrees C.?
A
Mesophiles
13
Q
What is EMB used for?
A
Fecal coliform
14
Q
Can antimicrobial disk diffusion be determined by the clearning method alone?
A
No. A dimetral intrepretertive chart is needed.
15
Q
What kind of broth is phenol red?
A
Differential
16
Q
Decarboxylation test tubes. What is the meaning?
A
No color change, no decarboxylation, -
Yellow, fermentation; no decaroboxylation, -
Purple, decarboxylation w decarboxylase, +
17
Q
What is EMB used for?
A
Fecal coliform
18
Q
In Ex. 1-1, what was the purpose of the hand cleaning agents exercise?
A
Evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of hand-washing agents
19
Q
What is the Endospore Stain Technique?
A
20
Q
Phenol Red Broths meaning?
Seletive or differential?
A
Yellow broth, bubble in tube, fermentation with acid gas, A/G
Yellow broth, no buble in tube, fermentation w acid and no gas A/-
Red broth, no bubble in tube, no fermentation, -/-
Pink broth, no bubble, degragation on peptone, K
Differentiate Enterobacteriaceae
21
Q
How is a wet mount made?
A
By placing a drop of water on a slide and covering it with a cover slip
22
Q
If you get good growth in eosin methylene blue, EMB, what is the presumptive ID?
A
Gram negative
23
Q
Sketch the Quadrant Streak Pattern
A
24
Q
How is a hanging drop slide prepared?
A
Depression slide with a petroleum jelly ring.
Droplet is hanging on cover slip and not toughing the slide.
25
At what pH does Neural red indicate?
Indicates red at pH less than 6.8 - acidic conditions
26
What does eosin methylene blue, EMB, contain?
Gelatin, lactose eosin Y and methylene blue
27
What microbe does MacConkey agar detect?
Enterobacteriacease to ferment lactose
28
Sketch the Simple Streak Pattern
Note: no cross streak as seen in photo
29
What is the formulas for Dilution and Origional Cell Density
V1D1 = V2D2
OCD = CFU / (D x v)
30
MacConkey Agar meaning?
Is it selective and/or differential?
Poor/ no growth, inhibited by CV, Gr +
Good growth, not inhibited by CV, Gr -
Red, produces acid from lactose fermentation, coliform
Selective and differential for Enterbacteriaceae
31
What is the negative stain technique?
SOSD
Negrosin, add organism, slide, dry
32
In Ex. 1-1, hand cleaing agent, what is a positive result look like?
Any finger contamination that grows on nutirent agar is a positive result
33
Blood agar meaning?
34
List the five types of oxygen tolernace and draw each
35
Define decontamiantion
The reduction of the number of pathogens to a level to handle without PPE
36
What does the fermintation of glucose begin with?
Pyruvate
37
How do you test for an environment favorable for streptolysins?
Streak-stab technique.
38
Catalase Test meaning?
What is catalase?
Bubbles, catalase is present, +
No bubbles, catalase is absent, -
Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide H2O2 to H2O and O2
39
Nitrate Reduciton Test tubes with zinc meaning?
Red, nitrate reduction to nitrite, +
After adding zinc, no color change, nitrite to nitrogen, +
After adding zinc, red color, no nitrate reduction, -
40
What is in the GasPak?
sodium borohydride and sodium bicarbonate
41
What is the heat fixing technique?
Loopful of water, bacteria, air dry, flame
42
What causes hemolysis?
Streptolysin O - oxygen labile, anaerobic conditions
Streptolysin S - oxygen stable, anaerobic conditions too.
43
What is tested in blood agar? Which type has the most, middle, and no hemolysis?
Hemolysins to break RBC. beta-, alpha-, gamma-hemolysis has no media change.
44
How can motility be best observed?
using low or high-dry lenses
45
MacConkey agar uses neural red dye. At what pH does it indicate?
0-6.8 pH. Organisms that ferment lower the pH.
46
Citrate Utilization Test meaning?
Selective or differential?
Blue, citrate is utilized, +
No color change, citrate is not utilized, -
Differentiates Enterobacteriaceae
47
What is phenol red used for?
To differentiate enterobacteriacase from other Gram-negative rods.
48
Tripple Sugar Iron Agar meaning?
49
What is the name of the bacteria that grows between 0 degrees and 20 degrees C.?
Psychrophiles
50
Starch Hydrolysis (Amylase Test) meaning?
Clearing around growth, alpha-amylase present, +
No clearing, no alpha-amylase present, -
alpha-amalyase hydrolyze starch
51
Which microbe is motility an important characteristic?
Enterobacteriaceae
52
Gelatine Hydrolysis (Gelatinase Test)?
Geletin is solid, no gelatinase is present, -
Gelatin is liquid, gelatinase is present, liquidfaction, +
53
What is a disinfectant?
A germicide for use on surfaces.
54
Taken from an anaerobic jar, how are these cultures described?
55
What is the chemistry for the motility test?
Reduction of 2,3,5 TTC by metabolizing bacteria changes from colorless to red insoluble formazan. The formazan is reduced (gains electrons)
56
What is Brownian motion?
Microbe collisions with water molecules.
Microbes vibrate in place, not swim
57
Sketch the three domains of life, include supergroups, and prokaryotes and eukaryotes
58
What is the name of the bacteria that grows between 50 degrees and 60 degrees C?
Thermophiles
59
What is the Capsule Stain Technique?
Sheep serum, congo red, slide, Maneval stain, water dry
60
What is phenylethyl alcohol agar, PEA, used for?
To isolate staphylocci and streptococci
61
If you get purple metallic growth in eosin methylene blue, EMB, what is the presumptive ID?
Coliform
62
If you get good growth in eosin methylene blue, EMB, what is the presumptive ID?
Gram negative
63
What is the Gram Stain Technique?
Heat fix
Crystal Violet
Water
Iodine
Water
Alcohol
Safranin
Water
Blot
64
Methyl Red MR meaning and purpose?
Detects acid fermentation
65
What is the pH range does phenol red indicate?
Yellow below pH 6.8 Pink above pH 7.4 Red between pH 6.8-7.4
66
What is a antiseptic?
A germicide for use on living tissue.
67
Which bacteria is examined for motility?
Enterobacteriacease
68
Mannitol Salt Agar meaning?
Poor growth or No growth, inhibited by NaCl, not Staph
Good growth, not inhibited by NaCl, Staph
Yellow growth, ferments acid from mannitol, Staph aureus
Red groth, does not ferment mannitol, Staph other than S. aureus
69
What is the dimetral field of view size for a microscope with a 10X occular lens and 4X, 10X, 40X, and 100X objective lenses?
70
What is a denitrifier? Think Nitrate Reduction Test chemistry.
Something that reduces NO3 all the way to N2.
71
Define disinfection
Killing pathogens but not endospores
72
MacConkey agar uses neural red dye. At what pH does it indicate?
0-6.8 pH. Organisms that ferment lower the pH.
73
If you get purple metallic growth in eosin methylene blue, EMB, what is the presumptive ID?
Coliform
74
What does MacConkey agar contain?
Lactose, bile salts, neural red, and crystal violet.
75
What does MacConkey agar contain?
Lactose, bile salts, neural red, and crystal violet.
76
Colagulase and clumping factor test meaning?
Sheilds bacteria from phagocytosis.
77
What does the GasPak Anaerobic System do?
Creates anaerobic, microaerophilic, or CO2 enriched conditions
78
What is a positive result for the Use-Dilution Test?
A positive result will be the surviving bacteria will make the broth turbid, indicating the germicide did not kill the bacteria.
79
Which have turbidity, sediment, and pellicle shown?
the first two turbidity, second two sediment, and the last pellicles
80
Immunodetective BioKit
81
Blood typing meaning
82
Define sterilization
the complete elimination of bacteria
83
Voges-Proskauer meaning?
84
What is the application for wet mounts and hanging drop technique?
To observe cellular motility
85
Casein Hydrolysis (Casease Test)?
Clearing around organism, casease is present, +
No clearning, casease is absent, -
Casease is an enzyme to hydrolyze milk protein casein
86
SIM, Sulphur reduction, Indole production, Motility, meaning?
Used to identify bacteria producing indol and differentiate enterbacteriaceae.
Sulphur Reduction test: black, H2S present, +
No black, no H2S, -
Indole Production test: red layer, tryptophanase present, +
color unchanged, no tryptophanase, -
Motility test: growth radiating, +
No growth radiating, -
87
What does eosin methylene blue, EMB, contain?
Gelatin, lactose eosin Y and methylene blue
88
What is the name of the bacteria that grows between 50 degrees and 60 degrees C?
Thermophiles
89
Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar PEA meaning?
Selective for Gram +, not differential
Poor growth, inhibited by phenylethyl alcohol, Gr -
Good growth, not inhibited by phenylethyl alcohol, probable, Staph, Strep, Enterococcus, or Lactococcus
90
Phenylalanine Deaminase Test meaning?
Removal of amino group from phenylalanine.
No color change, phenylalanine deaminase is absent, -
Green, phenylalanine deaminase is present, +
91
What does enterobacteriacease do to nitrate?
A one step reduction from nitrate to nitrite.
92
What test looks for hemolysins?
Blood agar
93
What is a positive motility test result?
Red diffuse growth radiating outward from the stab line.
94
What is the name of the chemical germicide lab?
The Use-Dilution Test
95
Name the parts of the microscope
96
Calculate dilutions
10-1, 10-2, 10-3
97
What is the simple stain technique?
Heat fix
Methylene Blue
Water
Blot
98
What is the name of the bacteria that grows between 20 degrees and 45 degrees C.?
Mesophiles
99
What organisms does the Use-Dilution Test used on?
In class, Staph epidermidis and E. coli
100
What is incomplete lysis?
Alpha-hemolysis, greenish-black zone around colonies.
101
In the Streak Plate Methods of Isolation, what is the purpose of the expereiment?
Isolating individual organisms from a mixed culture
102
What is the purpose of the Use-Dilution Test?
Test the effectiveness of germicides against bacteria.
103
What does deaminization mean?
Breaks amino acids becomes more basic, raises pH, making the broth pink.
104
What is hemolysis?
Lysis of RBC, turns blood agar clear around beta-hemolysis microbes.
105
What does anaerobic respiration do?
Transfer of electrons to an inorganic molecule other than oxygen.
106
What is the end product of fermentation?
Lactic acid, ETOH, CO2
107
What is the name of the nitrate test?
Nitrate reduction
108
What is mannitol salt agar, MSA, used for?
To differentiate staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococcus species. Selective.
109
What is the catalyst in the GasPak?
Palladium
110
What is the name of the tube used to collect gas?
Durham tube
111
Why should Petri dishes be labled on the bottom?
Lids may get seperated
Lid may get rotated to wrong orientation
112
What does MacConkey agar contain?
Lactose, bile salts, neural red, and crystal violet.
A differential medium.
113
# Define:
TSIA
EMB
MR-VP
PR
ELISA
PAA
SIM
TSIA - Tripple Sugar Iron Agar
EMB - Eosin Methylene Blue
MR-VP - Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer
PR - Phenyl red
ELISA - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
PAA - Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar
SIM - Sulphur reduciton Indole production Motility
114
What kind of broth is nitrate broth?
Undefined beef extract, peptone, and potassium nitrate.
115
If you get good growth in MacConkey agar, what is the presumptive ID?
Gram negative
116
Urease test meaning?
Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste in urine and identify H. plyori
117
Oxidase Test meaning?
Identify bacterial containing cytochrome c oxidase.
Purple = + oxidase present
Yellow = - oxidase not present
118
If you get good growth in MacConkey agar, what is the presumptive ID?
If you get red growth, with is the presumptive ID?
Gram negative
Coliform
119
What is tetrazolium salt, TTC, used for?
Looking for red formazan motility positive
120
What microbe does MacConkey agar detect?
Enterobacteriacease to ferment lactose
121
What is the pH range for fermentation?
\< pH 6.8 - lactose fermentation
122
What microbe does MacConkey agar detect?
Enterobacteriaceae to ferment lactose
123
Define the temperature ranges for psychrophiles, mesophiles and thermophiles
Psychrophiles 0° - 20° C.
Mesophiles 20° - 45° C.
Thermophiles 50° - 60° C.
124
Motility test meaning?
What are the two chemicals
Red diffues growth radiating from stab, motile, +
No growth away from stabline, nonmotile, -
Tetraxolium salt, TTC and red formazan
125
What does eosin methylene blue, EMB, contain?
Gelatin, lactose, eosin Y and methylene blue
126
In Ex. 1-3, Aseptic Transfer, wht is the purpose of the exercise?
Practice moving growths from a broth culture, an agar slant culture, and a plated culture.
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Draw a 1:1,000 serial dilution
