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Microbiology > Ch 11 Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Ch 11 Prokaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the first five letters of the greek alphabet for proteobacteria?

A

Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon

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2
Q

What is an example of alpha-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

A

Wolbachia, most common infectious bacteria

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3
Q

What is an example of beta-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

A

Spirillum, fresh water

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4
Q

What is an example of gamma-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

A

Pseudomonas, soil

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5
Q

What is an example of delta-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

A

Bdellovibrio, attacks Gram-negative bacteria

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6
Q

What is an example of epsilon-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

A

Helicobacter pylori, stomach cancer

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7
Q

I. Gram-positive A. Endospore-forming rod 1. Obligate anaerobe = 2. Not obligate anaerobe = B. Non-endospore-forming 1. Cells are rods a. Produce conidiospores = b. Acid-fast = 2. Cells are cocci a. Lack cytochrome system = b. Use aerobic respiration = II. Gram-negative A. Cells are helical or curved 1. Axial filament = 2. No axial filament = B. Cells are rods 1. Aerobic, nonfermenting = 2. Facultatively anaerobic = III. Lack cell walls = IV. Obligate intracellular parasites A. Transmitted by ticks = B. reticulate bodies in host cells =

A

I. Gram-positive A. Endospore-forming rod 1. Obligate anaerobe = Clostridium 2. Not obligate anaerobe = Bacillus B. Non-endospore-forming 1. Cells are rods a. Produce conidiospores = Streptomyces b. Acid-fast = Mycobacterium 2. Cells are cocci a. Lack cytochrome system = Streptococcus b. Use aerobic respiration = Staphylococcus II. Gram-negative A. Cells are helical or curved 1. Axial filament = Treponema 2. No axial filament = Spirillum B. Cells are rods 1. Aerobic, nonfermenting = Pseudomonas 2. Facultatively anaerobic = Escherichia coli III. Lack cell walls = Mycoplasma IV. Obligate intracellular parasites A. Transmitted by ticks = Rickettsia B. reticulate bodies in host cells = Chyamydia

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8
Q

List the classification of bacteria domain Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and domain archaea

A

Phyla-Class-Notes Gram-positive bacteria Firmicutes-Clostridia-low G+C Gram-negative bacteria Chlamydia-Chlamydiae-grow in eukaryotic cells Archaea Euryarchaeota-Methanobacteria-grow methane

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9
Q

What is a gene?

A

DNA codes for a protein

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10
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Rees: DNA that codes for a 16S RNA sequence. Google: a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

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11
Q

What is special about archae?

A

Do not cause disease in humans or animals

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12
Q

What are the two basic needs of life?

A

Source of carbon Source of electrons

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13
Q

What are three types of archae?

A

Thermophiles Halophiles Methanogens

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14
Q

Name five photosynthetic bacteria

A

Cyanobacteria-produce O2-Anabaena Chlorobi-green sulfur, anoxygenic-Chlorobium Cholorflexi-green nonsulfur, anoxygenic-Chlorobium Purple sulfur-Chromatium Purple nonsulfur-Rhodospirillum

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15
Q

Which bacterial genus is responsible for the most illnesses and greatest variety of disease?

A

Streptococcus

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16
Q

What is special about mycoplasmatles?

A

Lack cell wall Smallest self-replicating organism

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17
Q

What does pleomorphic mean?

A

Looks different each time viewed

18
Q

Which phylum is high G+C?

A

Acinobacteria

19
Q

Name the four ways bacteria reproduces

A

Binary fission - primary reproduction Budding - yeasts Snapping - chisms (sp) fragmentation Spores - not endospores

20
Q

Name the characteristics of archae

A

Lack peptidoglycan Cocci, bacilli, spirals Non-disease causing in humans

21
Q

Name two Gram positive bacteria, low and high G+C

A

Firmicutes - C. diff low G+C Actinobacteria - high G+C

22
Q

What kind of gas do cyanobacteria produce?

A

Oxygen during photosynthesis

23
Q

What does G and C stand for?

A

Guanine and cytosine

24
Q

What oxygen environment does Bacillus live? Spore producing?

A

Facultative anaerobe, endospore

25
Q

What oxygen environment does Staphylococcus live? Spore producing?

A

Facultative anaerobe, non-spore, yellow

26
Q

What oxygen environment does Clostridium live? Spore producing?

A

Obligate anaerobe, endospore

27
Q

Where does Enterococcus live?

A

GI tract, vagina, oral tract

28
Q

What causes tuberculosis and leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium

29
Q

What causes a rash?

A

Infection Vasodilation

30
Q

What is the cause of 1 in 10 nosocomial infections

A

Pseudomonas

31
Q

What disease is caused by chickens?

A

Salmonella

32
Q

Where does haemophilus strike?

A

Mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract, meningitis, ear aches

33
Q

What is bdellovibrio do?

A

Attacks other bacteria

34
Q

What is a fruiting body?

A

The spore-producing organ of a fungus

35
Q

Where do desulfovibrionales live?

A

GI tract

36
Q

Which bacterial have the most complex bacterial life cycle?

A

Myxococcales

37
Q

What does heliobacteria cause?

A

Cancer, ulcers, asthma

38
Q

Differentiate elementary body from reciulate body

A

Elementary: an infectious particle of any of several microorganisms; especially : a chlamydial cell Reticulate: The reticulate body is the stage of the chlamydial developmental cycle responsible for intracellular replication.

39
Q

Where do spirochaetes live?

A

GI tract

40
Q

Where do fusobacteria live?

A

Oral cavity

41
Q

How many species are in Bergey’s?

A

3,000

Microbiology (23 decks)

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