Ch 11 Prokaryotes Flashcards
What is the first five letters of the greek alphabet for proteobacteria?
Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon
What is an example of alpha-proteobacteria and what is it known for?
Wolbachia, most common infectious bacteria
What is an example of beta-proteobacteria and what is it known for?
Spirillum, fresh water
What is an example of gamma-proteobacteria and what is it known for?
Pseudomonas, soil
What is an example of delta-proteobacteria and what is it known for?
Bdellovibrio, attacks Gram-negative bacteria
What is an example of epsilon-proteobacteria and what is it known for?
Helicobacter pylori, stomach cancer
I. Gram-positive A. Endospore-forming rod 1. Obligate anaerobe = 2. Not obligate anaerobe = B. Non-endospore-forming 1. Cells are rods a. Produce conidiospores = b. Acid-fast = 2. Cells are cocci a. Lack cytochrome system = b. Use aerobic respiration = II. Gram-negative A. Cells are helical or curved 1. Axial filament = 2. No axial filament = B. Cells are rods 1. Aerobic, nonfermenting = 2. Facultatively anaerobic = III. Lack cell walls = IV. Obligate intracellular parasites A. Transmitted by ticks = B. reticulate bodies in host cells =
I. Gram-positive A. Endospore-forming rod 1. Obligate anaerobe = Clostridium 2. Not obligate anaerobe = Bacillus B. Non-endospore-forming 1. Cells are rods a. Produce conidiospores = Streptomyces b. Acid-fast = Mycobacterium 2. Cells are cocci a. Lack cytochrome system = Streptococcus b. Use aerobic respiration = Staphylococcus II. Gram-negative A. Cells are helical or curved 1. Axial filament = Treponema 2. No axial filament = Spirillum B. Cells are rods 1. Aerobic, nonfermenting = Pseudomonas 2. Facultatively anaerobic = Escherichia coli III. Lack cell walls = Mycoplasma IV. Obligate intracellular parasites A. Transmitted by ticks = Rickettsia B. reticulate bodies in host cells = Chyamydia
List the classification of bacteria domain Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and domain archaea
Phyla-Class-Notes Gram-positive bacteria Firmicutes-Clostridia-low G+C Gram-negative bacteria Chlamydia-Chlamydiae-grow in eukaryotic cells Archaea Euryarchaeota-Methanobacteria-grow methane
What is a gene?
DNA codes for a protein
What are ribosomes?
Rees: DNA that codes for a 16S RNA sequence. Google: a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
What is special about archae?
Do not cause disease in humans or animals
What are the two basic needs of life?
Source of carbon Source of electrons
What are three types of archae?
Thermophiles Halophiles Methanogens
Name five photosynthetic bacteria
Cyanobacteria-produce O2-Anabaena Chlorobi-green sulfur, anoxygenic-Chlorobium Cholorflexi-green nonsulfur, anoxygenic-Chlorobium Purple sulfur-Chromatium Purple nonsulfur-Rhodospirillum
Which bacterial genus is responsible for the most illnesses and greatest variety of disease?
Streptococcus
What is special about mycoplasmatles?
Lack cell wall Smallest self-replicating organism
What does pleomorphic mean?
Looks different each time viewed
Which phylum is high G+C?
Acinobacteria
Name the four ways bacteria reproduces
Binary fission - primary reproduction Budding - yeasts Snapping - chisms (sp) fragmentation Spores - not endospores
Name the characteristics of archae
Lack peptidoglycan Cocci, bacilli, spirals Non-disease causing in humans
Name two Gram positive bacteria, low and high G+C
Firmicutes - C. diff low G+C Actinobacteria - high G+C
What kind of gas do cyanobacteria produce?
Oxygen during photosynthesis
What does G and C stand for?
Guanine and cytosine
What oxygen environment does Bacillus live? Spore producing?
Facultative anaerobe, endospore
What oxygen environment does Staphylococcus live? Spore producing?
Facultative anaerobe, non-spore, yellow
What oxygen environment does Clostridium live? Spore producing?
Obligate anaerobe, endospore
Where does Enterococcus live?
GI tract, vagina, oral tract
What causes tuberculosis and leprosy?
Mycobacterium
What causes a rash?
Infection Vasodilation
What is the cause of 1 in 10 nosocomial infections
Pseudomonas
What disease is caused by chickens?
Salmonella
Where does haemophilus strike?
Mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract, meningitis, ear aches
What is bdellovibrio do?
Attacks other bacteria
What is a fruiting body?
The spore-producing organ of a fungus
Where do desulfovibrionales live?
GI tract
Which bacterial have the most complex bacterial life cycle?
Myxococcales
What does heliobacteria cause?
Cancer, ulcers, asthma
Differentiate elementary body from reciulate body
Elementary: an infectious particle of any of several microorganisms; especially : a chlamydial cell Reticulate: The reticulate body is the stage of the chlamydial developmental cycle responsible for intracellular replication.
Where do spirochaetes live?
GI tract
Where do fusobacteria live?
Oral cavity
How many species are in Bergey’s?
3,000
