Ch 04 Prokaryotic and Eukarotic Cells Flashcards
What do fimbriae do?
Help cells latch
What is the functional advantage of a protein bound organelle?
Protection
What does pleomorphic mean?
Ability of bacteria to alter shape in response to the environment
Name the three arrangements of microbes
Diplo-, pairs
Staph-, clusters
Strep-, chains
Name the three shape types
Coccus = oval
Bacillus = rods
Spiral = twist Vibrios - twisted rods
Spirilla - rigid helical
Spirochetes - flexible helical
What does taxis mean?
movement towards/away from stimului Chemotaxis Phototaxis
What does glycocalyx mean?
a glycoprotein-polysaccharide covering that surrounds the cell membranes
What are the characteristics of glycocalyx?
Outside cell membrane
Sticky layer - poorly organized
Capsule - neatly organized
Capsule prevents phagocytosis
What does flagella do?
Allows microbes to swim
What are the characteristics of flagella?
Outside of the cell wall
Made of chains of flagellin
Attached to a protein hook on Gram-negative cells
What are cells stimulated by?
Food, light
What does virulence mean?
Ability to cause disease
What does extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) mean?
Sugar polymers that contribute to the slimy appearance of bacteria probably promote colonization of plant tissues and disease development in bacteria.
What is pili?
a hairlike appendage found on the surface of many bacteria
What is a basal body?
An organelle that forms the base of a flagellum or cilia
How do flagella move on prokaryotes and eukarotes?
Prokaryotes - rotates on long axis
Eukaryotes - wave like motion
What do endoflagella do?
Flagella that wrap around the cell instead of protruding into the environment, allowing corkscrew movement
What is the difference between fimbriae and pili?
Fimbriae - shorter, more common
Pili - longer,
Gram-negative cells, less common
What is peptidoglycan?
forms cell walls of short peptides
What are the names of the two monosaccarhides that make up peptidoglycan?
N-acetlyglucosamine (NAG) N-acetlymuramic acid (NAM)
Do eukaryotes have a cell wall?
Some do
Do animal cells have cell walls?
No, only plant cells have cell walls