Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Ch 15 Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity > Flashcards

Ch 15 Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the steps of virulence?

A

Gain access to the portal
Attach to the host
Be present in sufficient numbers
Evade host defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the portals of entry?

A 
Skin
Mucous membranes
Respiratory - easiest most frequent
GI tract
Genitourinary tract
Conjunctiva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is special about biofilms?

A

Quorum sensing has different behavior than alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is coagulase?

A

a bacterial enzyme that brings about the coagulation of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is kinase?

A

An enzyme that breaks down fibrinogen clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is collagenase?

A

Collagenases are enzymes that break the peptide bonds in collagen. They assist in destroying extracellular structures in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium. They are considered a virulence factor, facilitating the spread of gas gangrene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is IgA protease?

A

An IgA protease is a highly specific enzyme that cleaves amino acid sequences of certain proteins. The natural substrate of IgA proteases is immunoglobulin A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a capsule?

A

A extra wax layer in a cell wall.

Increases virulence by impairing phagocytosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is antigenic variation?

A

Antigenic variation refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a protozoan, bacterium or virus alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are cell walls damaged?

A

Using the hosts nutrition - chelate iron
Damage immediate vicinity
Produces endo/exo toxins
Induces hypersensistivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a toxin?

A

A poisonous substance that contributes to pathogenicity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is toxemia?

A

Toxin in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are cytokines?

A

small proteins that are important in cell signaling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are superantigens?

A

They cause non-specific activation of T-cells resulting in polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release. SAgs are produced by some pathogenic viruses and bacteria most likely as a defense mechanism against the immune system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the A and B in A toxin and B toxin?

A

Active enzyme

Binding enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Differentiate exotoxins from endotoxins

A

Exotoxins————————–Endotoxins
Released from inside———-Released from cell wall
Gram pos————————–Gram neg
A-B toxins————————–Lipid A
Destroyed at 80 deg———–Can withstand autocliving
Not fever producing————Fever producing
Neutralized by antitoxin——-Not neutralized
Small lethal dose—————-Large lethal dose

17
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Septic shock occurs when bacterial sepsis, in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure.
Dilation of blood vessels.

18
Q

What is cytopathic effect?

A

Structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion. The infecting virus causes lysis of the host cell

19
Q

What is lysogeny?

A

The fusion of the nucleic acid of a bacteriophage with that of a host bacterium so that the potential exists for the newly integrated genetic material to be transmitted to daughter cells at each subsequent cell division.

20
Q 
What is the cytopathic effect of?
Poliovirus - Enterovirus
Warts - Papilomarvirus
Measles - Morbillvirus
HIV - Lentivirus
A 
Cytopathic Effect
Emterovirus - Cytocidal
Papilomarvirus - Acidophilic inclusions
Morbilvirus - Cell fusion
Lentivirus - Destruction of T cells
21
Q 
What do the following do?
Fungi
Protozoa
Helmiths
Algae
A

Fungi - mold, toxic ergot
Protozoa - eat’s host’s food, giardia
Helminths - waste products, elephantiasis
Algae - red tide

22
Q

List the mechanisms of pathogenicity

A

Portals of entry
Penetration or evasion of host defenses
Damage to host cells
Portals of exit

23
Q

List portals of exit

A

Respiratory
GI tract
Genitourinary tract

24
Q

Name the types of exotoxins

A

A-B toxins
Membrane-disrupting toxins
Superantigens

25
Q

What is lipid A?

A

An endotoxin from the lipid portion of an Gram negative cell wall

26
Q

What is the cytopathic effect?

A

Killing viruses

27
Q

What is meant by the parenteral route?

A

Punctures or openings in the skin allow microbes to gain entry. Other than the mount and alimentary canal.

28
Q

What is the meaning of a high WBC count and low WBC?

A

High WBC: bacterial infection

Low WBC: viral infection or pneunomia

29
Q

What causes diphtheria?

A

Bacteria

30
Q

Second step of fever?

A

LPS released from Gram-negative

Microbiology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions