Ch 13 Viruses, Viroids and Prions Flashcards
List the differences between bacteriophage and animal viral multiplication.
Draw the stage process.
BACTERIOPHAGES ANIMAL VIRUSES
Tail fibers attach to cell wall Plasma membrane attach.
Viral DNA injected into hose Capsid endocytosis
Uncoating not required Enzymatic uncoating
Biosynthesis in cytoplasm In nucleus or cytoplasm
Lysogeny Latency
Host is lysed Budding and host ruptures
Attachment, Entry, Uncoating, Chronic infection, Biosynthesis, Release
How do RNA viruses replicate?
Viruses take over host cell through lysogenic or lytic cycle.
Define oncogenes
A gene that can transform a cell into a tumor cell.
Which viruses can cause cancer?
Epstein-Barr virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B virus, and human herpes virus
Why is the Tobacco Mosaic Disease important and what is it?
First virus to be discovered.
RNA virus that infects tobacco plants, by causing a mosaic on the leaves. Does not cause harm to humans.
What is the name of a virus that cannot be filtered?
Yellow fever
What is phage therapy?
Using viruses to threat diseases
Are viruses alive?
Viruses cannot replicate on their own but can do so in truly living cells and can also affect the behavior of their hosts profoundly.
Use nucleic acids ->life
Inert outside of living cells
Take over metabolism of cells
Characteristics of viruses?
Nucleic aids
Multiply inside living cells
What is a viron?
Infective form of a virus outside a host cell, with a core of RNA or DNA, with a capsid.
What is a capsid?
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus.
What is a icosahedron? What is an example?
20 triangular faces with 12 corners
Polio virus
What are the two structures of a bacteriophage?
Capsid + helical tail
What are the virus suffixes in taxonomy for, Order, Family, and genus?
Order: -ales
Family: virdae
Species: -virus
Why are some people allergic to vaccines?
Because they are grown in chicken eggs.
What are HeLa cells? What are they used for?
Human epithelial cells.
HeLa cells to develop the polio vaccine, cancer, HIV/AIDS and cells in general, and are still widely used today to grow viruses and to test anti-tumor medicines.
What are the components of a T-even bacteriophage?
Capsid -head Sheath Baseplate Pin Tail fiber
Which are better for growing vaccines, eggs or cultures?
Cultures
What happens at the end of the lytic cycle?
The host dies
What happens at the end of the lysogenic cycle?
The phage remains latent - inactive
What is phage conversion?
The host cell develops new properties
Where do DNA viruses replicate their DNA?
Their replicate their DNA in the nucleus of the host’s cell.
Where do RNA viruses replicate their RNA?
Their replicate their RNA in the cytoplasm of the host’s cell.
Which RNA virus can cause cancer?
Retroviridae
