Ch 14 Principals of Disease and Epidemioliogy Flashcards
Name the three types of symbiosis and an example of each.
Commensalism, S. epi on skin
Mutualism, E. coli in GI
Parasitism, Swine flu on a host cell
What is an opportunistic pathogen and what is an example?
An infection that takes advantage of a host with a weakened immune system or an altered microbiota (such as a disrupted gut flora). Many of these pathogens do not cause disease in a healthy host that has a normal immune system.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma arises when immune sys is depressed.
What is an infection?
An invasion by a pathogenic microbe.
What is a disease?
An infection that results in a state of health.
What are some predisposing factors?
Gender Genetics Climate Age Fatigue Nutrition Lifestyle
What is the pattern of disease?
Reservoir
Transmission
Inoculation
Pathogenesis
Differentiate incidence from prevalence
Incidence is the rate of occurrence of new cases. Prevalence indicates the numbers of cases.
Differentiate endemic from pandemic
Endemic pertains to a specific location
Pandemic pertains to the whole world
Differentiate morbidity from mortality
Morbidity is the incidence of a death-causing disease
Mortality is the number of deaths from a disease
What is herd immunity?
Immunity to a pathogen in a population based on the acquired immunity to it by a high proportion of members over time.
What is zoonosis?
Animal reservoir diseases passed to humans.
Differentiate primary infection from secondary infection.
Primary: initial-HIV
Secondary: comes from a weakened state-Kaposi’s sarcoma
How are malaria and salmonella spread?
Malaria is primary
Salmonella is specific secondary, weakened state
List Koch’s Postulates to determine is a bacteria is the cause of a disease
The bacteria is present in every case of the disease
The bacteria can be isolated
The disease can be reproduced from the bacteria
The bacteria can be recoverable from the host
Define commensal.
Living together without injury.
