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Microbiology > Ch 10 Classification of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Ch 10 Classification of Microorganisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the classic and moderns approaches to microorganisms?

A

Classic - behavior approach

Modern - gene approach

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2
Q

What does taxa mean?

A

A similar taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class.

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3
Q

What does a viral species mean?

A

A population with similar characteristics.

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4
Q

What does serology mean?

A

The study of blood serum, especially with regard to the immune response.

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5
Q

What does phage mean?

A

A virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it.

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6
Q

What are the two parameters that describe gel electrophoresis?

A

Smaller size travels farther

Brighter is higher concentration

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7
Q

How many different organisms are there?

A

1.5 million

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8
Q

What do all organisms have in common?

A

Cells surrounded by plasma membrane
Use ATP
Store genetic information as DNA

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9
Q

What is systematic phylogeny?

A

The study of evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

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10
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Eukarya-unicellular or multicelluar w nucleus
Bacteria-unicelluar wo nucleus
Archaea-unicellular wo nucleus

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11
Q

What are traits of archaea?

A

Prokaryotes
No peptidoglycan in cell walls
Live in extreme environments
Unusual metabolic processes

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12
Q

What are the traits of eukaryotes?

A

Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animala

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13
Q

What are the traits of viruses?

A

Not composed of cells

Use the host to multiply

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14
Q

What percentage of microorganisms have been discovered?

A

1%

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15
Q

What are serological tests?

A

Slide agglutination
Lance field
ELISA
Western Blot

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16
Q

What is phage typing?

A

Phage typing is a method used for detecting single strains of bacteria. It is used to trace the source of outbreaks of infections.

17
Q

What is flow cytomerty?

A

Flow cytometry is a technology that is used to analyse the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid as it passes through at least one laser. Cell components are fluorescently labelled and then excited by the laser to emit light at varying wavelengths.

18
Q

DNA base pair composition

A

Composition of guanine + cytosine.

19
Q

What is special about fatty acid profile?

A

Consistent for a particular species

20
Q

What is flow cytometry?

A

Flow cytometry is a technology that is used to analyse the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid as it passes through at least one laser. Cell components are fluorescently labelled and then excited by the laser to emit light at varying wavelengths.
Pseudomonas

21
Q

What is meant by DNA fingerprints?

A

Restriction enzymes

Comparison of a number of size and fragments

22
Q

What is taq polymerase?

A

Taq polymerase is an enzyme that copies DNA.

23
Q

What does nucleic acid hybridization mean?

A

Ability of DNA strands from one organism to hybridize to others

24
Q

What does taxonomy mean?

A

The branch of science concerned with classification of organisms.

25
Q

What are the differences between taxonomy and phylogeny?

A

Taxonomy focuses more on characteristics the organisms have in common,

Phylogeny focuses more on evolutionary relationships

26
Q

State Linnaeus’s system of classification

A

Eight taxa: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

27
Q

State Woese’s system of classification

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

28
Q

What is a bacterial strain?

A

A strain is a genetic variant

29
Q

What is meant by PCR probe?

A

Probe: single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules of specific base sequence

30
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

A branching diagram showing the relationship between species.

31
Q

What is a dichotomous key?

A

A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. “Dichotomous” means “divided into two parts”.

32
Q

What are the three major groups of archaea?

A

Methanogens
Halophiles
Thermophiles

Microbiology (23 decks)

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