LAB: Animal Diversity 1 Flashcards
- This phyla contains 9000 species of sponges
- all are aquatic and most are marine
- multicellular
- reproduction sexual (hermaphrodite), asexual (budding/fragmentation)
- sac body plan
- asymmetrical or radial symmetrical
Phylum porifera
Adult forms are sessile (stationary)***, but the larva do not resemble the adults as they are motile
Phylum porifera
What is the structure of simple sponges (porifera)?
Spongocoel- large central cavity
Osculum-Single large opening
Pores-many small openings in chamber walls
Porifera are classified according to type of ___________
What are the types?
Spicule (little spike)
No spicule (bath sponges)-fibers of tough protein called spongin
sharp spicules-calcium carbonate, or silica (glass sponges)
Sponges are _____________ feeders, capturing food particles suspended in the water that passes through.
Suspension
How is suspension feeding done in porifera?
Water is drawn through pores into a cavity called the ___________, and out through an opening called the___________.
Spongoceal
Osculum
Flagellated color cells in porifera are called? What is their function?
Choanocytes…
- generate a water current through the sponge and move water through the pores
- food particles in water are trapped by collar
- food is incorporated into a food vacuole and passed to amoeboid cells
Type of cells in porifera where digestion of food occurs and produces spicules
Amoeboid cells
Granita?
-
-10,000 species and all are aquatic(most marine)
-Radially symmetrical
-diploblastic (tissue)
-sac body plan
Includes hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals
Phylum Cnidaria
What are the two distinct body forms of Cnidaria?
Polyp (Sea anemone)
And free-floating medusa (jellyfish)
Cnidocytes?
(Stinging cells) tentacles with nematocysts
Cnidarians are carnivores that use tentacles to capture prey
The tentacles are armed with ____________, unique cells that function in defense and capture of prey.
Cnidocytes
Capsules within cnidocytes
- long, spirally quail hollow thread to trap prey
- spines to penetrate and inject venom into prey
Released when trigger of cnidocyte is touched
Nematocysts
Stationery, asexual reproduction
Ex: hydra, sea anemones
Polyp
Motile, sexual reproduction
Ex: free-swimming jellies
Medusa
Freshwater Cnidaria Polyp * extracellular digestion Reproduces sexually and asexually Tissue level organization Outer- epidermis (ectoderm) Inner- gastrodermis (endoderm) Middle- nonliving gelatinous mesoglea
Hydra
Floating colony of polymorphic polyps
Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war)
- medusa stage dominates
- polyp reduced to small larval stage
Aurelia and Cassiopeia (sea jellies)
What are the two largest classes of cnidarians?
- See anemone (Metridium)
- sessile
- fragmentation - Corals (colonial polyps)
- calcium carbonate skeleton
-Flat body
-bilateral symmetry
-sac body plan (no anus)
-aceolomate
-triploblastic
-no circulatory system
-hermaphroditic (male and female reproductive structures)
-respire by diffusion
Ex:planarians, flukes, tapeworms
Platyhelminthes (Flatworm)
- free living flatworms
- more complex with different systems
- ladder like nervous system
- eyespots that senses, not sight
- hermaphrodites
- regeneration
- flame cells
Planarians
Phylum platyhelminthes
- intestinal parasite, very thin, essentially no digestive track
- “scolex” equipped it with hooks and suckers
- individual body segments are “proglottids”
- hermaphroditeic
Tape worm
Phylum platyhelminthes
Parasitic flatworms
cause schistosomiasis and swimmers Itch
-parasite attaches using sucker to a blood vessel
- snails or an intermediate host
Flukes
- Nonsegmented round worms
*tube in a tube with complete digestive tract includes mouth and anus - Pseudocoelomates
-bilateral symmetry
Fluid in cavity serves as circulatory system in hydrostatic skeleton
Roundworms
Phylum nematoda
What phyla do vinegar eels and trichinella belong to?
Phylum Nematoda
Accumulation of fluid is called…
What type of worms causes this?
Elephantiasis
Filarial worms
This worm is transmitted by mosquitoes
Causes inflammation and blockage in lymph vessels
Filarial works
- tube-in-a-tube, complete digestive track
- Pseudocoelomates
- corona “wheel-bearer”
- alimentary canal
- reproduces by parthenogenesis(female produces offspring from unfertilized eggs) species lacks males
Phylum rotifera
Reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs…
Which animals reproduces this way?
Parthenogenesis
Rotifera
150,000 species (predators, suspension feeders, herbivores, parasites)
-includes clams, oysters, scallops, squid, snails, mussels and freshwater snails and slugs
Phylum Mollusca
Body parts of Mollusca…
- muscular foot
- Visceral mass: digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs are located
- mantle: to fold of skin that so much the visceral mass
- shell
- gills
- “Belly foot”
- most abundant and diverse
- Single shell or Absent shel
- many are herbivores and have a radula, rasping teeth in the form of a tongue like organ. Some can use the radula to drill through shells
Gastropods
- “head foot”
- squids, octopus, and nautiluses
- well developed head and advanced eyes. What is modified into tentacles
- all are carnivores
Cephlapods
- “Hatchet-foot” used for burrowing
- two shells
- clams, scallops, oysters
Bivalves
Marine and have fleshy appendages on each body segment
Ploychaetes
Ex: clam worm
What phylum does clam worm belong to?
Phylum Annelida-segmented worms
- hydrostatic skeleton
Two animals that belong to the phylum Annelida
-Leach and earthworm
Digestive track divided into several different organs
- have joined appendages that can be used for locomotion, food handling, defense, taste, touch and reproduction
- bilaterally symmetrical and body is made up of segments
- chitinous exoskeleton that is shed throughout molting
Phylum Anthropoda
Three types of Arthropoda…
Crustaceans: lobster, crayfish, shrimp, crabs
Arachnids: spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks. Carnivores and have claws, things, poison glands, or stingers inject prey with digestive juices.
Insects: most diverse. Herbivores, some are parasitic, some are carnivores, some feed on decaying matter
- marine and radially symmetrical as adults
- see stars, brittle stars, sea dollars, see urchins, sea cucumbers, sea apples
- locomotion: water vascular system. Causes tube feet to extend
Phylum Echinodermata
All Mollusca have…
Visceral mass, mantle (thin covering that envelops the visceral mass), foot
Radial (a rasping tongue) is not present in all
coelomates, bilateral, three germ layers, organ level organization,tube within a tube body plan
Mollusca
Bivalves have an __________ circulatory system whereas cephalopods have a _____________ system.
Open, closed
- feeds on various invertebrates (clams and oysters)
- wraps arms around the shell and pulls constantly with the suckers. Once open, it can insert its stomach into the shower and digest material
Phylum Echinodermata
Ex: starfish?
- Tunicates: invertebrates that are marine animals
- Fish
- amphibians
- reptiles
- birds
- mammals
Phylum Chordata
