Chapter 30: Plant Diversity 2

Question 1

This consists of an embryo in nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

Answer 1

Seed

Question 2

What are common characteristics of all seed plants?

Answer 2

• reduce gametophytes
• heterospony
• ovules
• pollen
• seeds

Question 3

What is the advantage of reduced gametophytes?

Answer 3

The gametophytes of seed plants develop within the walls of spores that are retained within tissues of the parents sporophyte

Question 4

Produce megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes

Answer 4

Megasporangia

Question 5

Produce microspores that give rise to male gametophytes

Answer 5

Microsporangia

Question 6

The ancestors of seed plants were likely homosporous, while seed plants were _______________

Answer 6

Heterosporous

Question 7

The _______ is composed of the megasporangium and integuments.

Answer 7

Ovule

Question 8

• gymnosperm megasporangia have one of these protective _____________
• angiosperm megasporangia usually have two ___________

It protects the megasporangium

Answer 8

Integuments

Question 9

Microspores develop ___________, which contain the male gametophytes

Answer 9

Pollen grains

Question 10

______________ Is the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules

Answer 10

Pollination

Question 11

If a pollen grain germinates, it gives rise to a _____________ that discharges sperm into the female gametophyte within the ovule

Answer 11

Pollen tube

Question 12

________ cells will make a pollen tube

________ cells make sperm

Answer 12

Tube

Generative

Question 13

A ________ is a sporophyte embryo, along with its food supply, packaged in a protective coat

It develops from the whole ovule

Answer 13

Seed

Question 14

What are some evolutionary advantages seeds have over spores?

Answer 14

• they may remain dormant for days to years until conditions are favorable for germination
• seeds have a supply of storage food
• they may be transported Long distances by wind or animals

Question 15

Are gymnosperms or nonvascular plants better suited to drier conditions?

Answer 15

Gymnosperms

Question 16

Angiosperms began to replace gymnosperms near the end of the Mesozoic

____________ now dominate more terrestrial ecosystems
Today, cone-bearing gymnosperms called _________ dominate in the northern latitudes

Answer 16

Angiosperms

Conifers

Question 17

Gymnosperms mean “__________”
The seeds are exposed on sporophylls that form cones

Angiosperm seeds are found in fruits, which are _________

Answer 17

Naked seeds

Mature ovaries

Question 18

Gymnosperms consist of what four phyla?

Answer 18

• cycadophyta
• ginkgophyta
• gnetophyt
• coniferophyta

Question 19

Individuals have large cones and palm like leaves

They are the exception to the rule, seeds are flagellated

Answer 19

Phyla cycadophyta

Question 20

• this phylum consists of a single living species

- it has a high tolerance to air pollution and is a popular ornamental tree

Answer 20

Phylum ginkgophyta

Question 21

• this phylum comprises three genera

- species vary in appearance, and some are tropical whereas others live in deserts

Answer 21

Phylum gnetophyta

Question 22

• this phylum is by far the largest of the gymnosperm phyla

- most conifers are evergreens in carry out photosynthesis year round

Answer 22

Phylum coniferophyta

Question 23

Three key features of the gymnosperm life cycle are

Dominance of the _____________ generation
Development of __________ from fertilized ovules
The transfer of sperm to ovules by ________

The lifecycle of a pine is an example

Answer 23

Sporophyte
Seeds
Pollen

Question 24

The Pinetree is the ___________ and produces ____________ in male and female cones

Answer 24

Sporophyte

Sporangia

Question 25

In pine trees small cones produce microspores called ____________, which of which contains a male _______________.

Answer 25

Pollen grains, gametophyte

Question 26

In Pinetrees, the familiar larger cones contain __________, which produce megaspores that develop into female _____________ It takes nearly 3 years from cone production to mature seed

Answer 26

Ovules, gametophytes

Question 27

- The most widespread and diverse of all plants - all are classified in a single phylum, Anthophyta - two key adaptations (flowers,fruit)

Answer 27

Angiosperms

Question 28

What are the four types of modified leaves and flowers?

Answer 28

Sepals-encloses the flower Petals-brightly colored and attract pollinators Stamens-produce pollen Carpels-produce ovules

Question 29

what does the stamen consist of?

Answer 29

- Filament | - anther (pollen is produced)

Question 30

What does the carpel consist of?

Answer 30

- ovary at the base - style (middle) - stigma (pollen is received)

Question 31

- consists of a mature ovary but can also include other flower parts - protect seeds and aid in their dispersal - can be fleshy or dry

Answer 31

Fruits

Question 32

Male ____________ are contained within pollen grains produced by the _____________ of anthers

Answer 32

Gametophytes, microsporangia

Question 33

The female gametophyte, or ______________, develops within an ovule contained within an ovary at the base of a stigma

Answer 33

Embryo sac

Question 34

The ovule is entered by a pore called the _____________.

Answer 34

Micropyle

Question 35

The pollen grain that has landed on a stigma germinates and the _____________ of the male gametophyte grows down to the ovary.

Answer 35

Pollen tube

Question 36

Generative cell..... | Tube cell.....

Answer 36

- gives rise to two sperm | - produces pollen tube

Question 37

Within a seed, the embryo consists of a root and two seed leaves called.....

Answer 37

Cotyledons

Question 38

In double fertilization the pollen two discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule. One sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm....

Answer 38

Combines with two nuclei in the central cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of food storing endosperm -The triploid endosperm nourishes the developing embryo

Question 39

Food storing The triploid ___________ nourishes the developing embryo

Answer 39

Endosperm

Question 40

Angiosperms are divided into what main groups?

Answer 40

- monocots (one cotyledon) - eudicots (two cotyledons) - basal angiosperms - magnoliids

Question 41

This group of angiosperms include magnolias, laurels, and balck pepper plants Woody and nonwoody types

Answer 41

Magnoliids

Question 42

This group is more than 1/4 of the angiosperm species Includes grass, wheat

Answer 42

Monocots

Question 43

This group is more than 2/3 of angiosperm species -largest group

Answer 43

Eudicots

Question 44

Why does human welfare depends greatly on seed plants?

Answer 44

Seed plants are key sources of food, fuel, wood products, and medicine Preservation of plant diversity in seed plants is critical