Chapter 32 An Overveiw Of Anmial Diversity Flashcards
How do animals obtain food?
Ingestion
All are heterotrophs
Do animals have cell walls?
How are bodies held together?
No
Structural proteins such as collagen
What are two types of specialization tissue seen in animals to help with movement?
Nervous tissue and muscle tissue
A zygote is _______-celled
Single
Mitotic cell division without cell growth
Cleavage
Multicellular embryonic stage, hollow ball
Blastula
The process where Layers of embryonic tissue that will develop into adult body parts are produced
- major cell movement
- blastula develops into gastrula
- 3 germ layers
Gastrulation
What are the three germ layers?
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Many animals have at least one ________ stage
Larval
Larva-sexually immature form of the animal and looks structurally different than the adult. May have different habitats, food, etc
a juvenile resembles an adult, but is not yet sexually mature
Incomplete metamorphosis
Do you sponges have Hox genes?
No
- gene expression of segment
- regulate the development of body form
- determine identity of particular segments
Hox genes
Hox genes are only present in ___________.
Animals
Protists that are a sister group to animals
Collar cells are almost identical
Choanoflagellates
*Closest living relative to animals…
Choanoflagellates
How are animals characterized by?
“Body plans”
Morphological and developmental traits
Two-sided symmetry
Animals with this symmetry move more rapidly
Planes include-dorsal, ventral, right and left, anterior, posterior
Bilateral symmetry
Central nervous system, anterior brain
Seen in animals with bilateral symmetry
cephalization
Two types of symmetry seen in animals
Radial
Bilateral
Collections of specialized cells isolated from other tissues by membranous layers
Tissues
What are the four things animals are classified by?
- symmetry
- body cavity
- tissues
- proto/Deutero
This germ layer covers the embryos surface
Ectoderm
Is the inner most germ layer and lines the developing digestive tub, called the archenteron
Endoderm
Middle germ layer
Mesoderm
What germ layers do sponges have?
None
- only ectoderm and endoderm are present
- does not go past the tissue level
- Cnidarians and a few other groups
Diploblastic
Are radial animals diploblastic or triploblastic?
Diploblastic
- All three germ layers are present
- all levels of organization are present ex: organs, organ systems
- flatworms, Arthropods, vertebrae’s, and others
Triploblastic
All bilaterians are ____________.
Triplobalstic
Most triploblastic animals possess a ___________.
Body cavity
Fluid or air filled space between digestive tract in the outer body wall
Body cavity
- A true body cavity
- derived from mesoderm
Coelom
Animals that possess a true coelom
Coelomates
What’s the purpose of the body cavity?
Cushion, allows room for growth and movement (heart, intestines)
In ____________, internal organs are more complex, and they are reels together by mesenteries
(Mollusks, Annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates)
Coelomates
In ____________ coelom is not completely lined by mesoderm
Surround by mesoderm and endoderm
(Roundworms-nematada), ratifers-rotifera
Pseudocoelom
___________ lack body cavity
No coelom within its mesoderm layer (flatworm)
Acelomate
Based on early development many animals can be categorized as having ____________ development or _____________ development
Protostome (spiral cleavage),
deuterostome (vertical cleavage)
____________ development
-cleavage is spiral and determinate
Protostome
_____________ development
-cleavage is radial and indeterminate (fate is determined later)
Deuterostome
Type of development…
-spitting of solid masses of mesoderm forms the coelom
Protostome
Type of development….
-the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archentron to from the coelom
The out pocketing of the archentron
Deuterostome
The _____________ forms during gastrulation and connects the archentron to the exterior of the gastrula
Blastopore
In protostome development what does the blastopore become?
In deuterostome development what does the blastopore become?
Mouth
Anus
Type of body plan…
-single opening, incomplete digestive system Ex: sponges
Sac plan
Type of body plan…
-two separate openings complete digestive system
It Must be diplobalstic or triplobalstic?
Tube in a tube
Triplobalstic
Presence of a head, so concentrations of sensory organs, feeding organs, and centers of neural integration
Cephalization
