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Mucosal Surfaces > L7- Microbiota - Pathogen > Flashcards

L7- Microbiota - Pathogen Flashcards

1
Q

What is colonisation resistance

A

Protection from pathogens by microbiota

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2
Q

What dorts of yhings occur causing epi damage when less microbiota

A

Low iga, less tight junctions, less mucins

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3
Q

Give an examplr where microbiota consumption of polsyaccharides starves pathogens cia nutrient depletion

A

B theta consuming polysaccharides causes citrobacter rodentium to be starved = excluded from gut

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4
Q

Scfa have effects doscussed by smith and chen, what effect do they have on salmonella

A

Butyrate downregulates pi expression meaning less colonisation

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5
Q

How do scfa block ehec enterohaemorrhagic ecoli

A

Have bacteriocidal effects

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6
Q

What are the antimicrobial proteins secreted by microbiota called

A

Bacteriocins

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7
Q

Which bacteroides can target clostridia spre forming species like c difficule via bscteriocins

A

Bacteroides thuringiensis via thuricin cd bacteriocin

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8
Q

Which bacteriocin released from ecoli can block growth of other ecoli strains like ehec

A

Colicin

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9
Q

How many gene clusters possible for bacteriocin production

A

600

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10
Q

What do microbiota do to bile acids grom liver

A

Modify them to be bacteriocidal

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11
Q

What was found to colonise in reduced modified bile acids

A

C. difficile

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12
Q

How does indole release from microbiota work

A

Blocks virulence of pathogens and makes things less invasive to eg epi cells

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13
Q

How do indoles work with scfa

A

To block salmonella colonisation and entry via repressing SPI1 gene

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14
Q

Which other pathogen is reduced in attchment via indoles

A

Ehec

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15
Q

Which article talks about increase in amps via bacteria / microbiota

A

Ostaff 2013

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16
Q

What did ostaff 2013 say

A

Degranulation of paneth cells which release amps amongst lectin etc. this is cia tlr9 stimulation. Gives protection to pathognes like salmonella typhui

17
Q

What did sekirov 2010 say about scfa and amps

A

Increase in LL 37 cathelicidin via scfa which is downregulated in colitis

18
Q

Whoch article didcusses immune system evolution with microbiota

A

Lee 2010

19
Q

What does peptidoglycan wall help do in ikmune system according to lee 2010

A

Induce neutrophil cytotoxicity

20
Q

What did gf micr have less off lee 2010

A

Iecs expressing mhc and tlrs

Also il 17 levels

21
Q

Which bacteria restores th17 in lamina propria

A

Sfb

22
Q

What in sfb allows th17 differentiation

A

Serum amyloid A (lee 2010)

23
Q

How do scfa affect mucin layer

A

Increase expression of mucin 2

24
Q

What maintains integrity of tight junction

A

Microbiota

25
Q

Which bacteroides induce t regs and also cd4 lymphocyte increase

A

B fragilis (tlr 2 for t regs)

26
Q

How do microbiota have negative impact on colonisation resistance

A

Increase virulence through various metabolites

27
Q

What does b theta cleave from mucin to increase c difficule colonisation

A

Sialic acid forming succinate

28
Q

Which parts of the mucus barrier do microbiota utlise to increase ehec/epec vitulence

A

Succinate and fucose

29
Q

What do fucose and shccinate allow in ehec and epec

A

Upregulate LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) which is their pathogenicity island

30
Q

Which pathogen requires modufied bule acids to germinate from spores

A

C difficile

31
Q

What nitrogen source for salmonella can microbiota profuce alleoing the growth of salmonella

A

Ethanolamine

32
Q

What effect does ethanolamine have on ehec

A

Regulates the virulence genes (increase)

33
Q

Other than using metabolites from microbiota, how do pathogens overcome colonisation resistance

A

Use alternate nutrients like ethanolamine

Inducing inflammstion

Toxin production against commensals eg bacteriocins

34
Q

How does succinate release by b theta cause mucin degradation

A

Activates epression of mucinase by ehec for better invasion

35
Q

What does succinate from b theta release upregulate

A

T3ss in pathogens for colonisation

36
Q

Which 2 pthogens are increasrd during antibiotics

A

Salmonella typhi and C. difficile

37
Q

Which toxins do c difficile produce whicubcauses epithelial damage and colitis

A

TcdA and tcdB

38
Q

What do antibiotics increase whcih is used as an alternate carbon source by salmonella and c difficle

A

Soalic acid converting to succinate

Mucosal Surfaces (33 decks)

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