L12- Fungal Immune Responses Flashcards
Where does candida grow in dysbiosis
Gut, vagina, lung excessively
What are some causes of dysbiosis
Antibiotics, genrtic defects eg th17 pid, inflammation, diet change,
How can pregancy also cause a fysbiosis in vagina
Oestrogen and glycogen increase candida
What is usually on the outer layer or fungi cell walm
Mannan
What is below mannan
Glucans (b1,3 and b1,6)
What is below glucans
Chitin (hard sugar)
What proteins are within cell eall
Things like enzymes, transporters egc which are heavily glycosylated eith mannan
Is candida localnor systemic issues
Both. Local like oral or vaginal thrush vs systemic due to immunodeficiencies
What sort of candida can penetraye cells into blood stream causing issues
Hyphae
Can hyphae form within phagosomes
Yes
Which c type lectin prr (cell surfsce) can recognise glucan b 1,3
Dectin 1
Which sdsptor protein is associated with dectin 1 response causing inflamm cytokine release
Card9
Which prr can detect hyphae and cause inflammation a d how
Nlrp3- induces inflammasome secreting il-1b which stimulates th17 response
What expresses dectin1
Monocytes and macrophages- for internalisation of fungi and anti fungi responses
What is styk induced by dectin1
Spleen tk
What other components are important via drctin1
Caspases1, card9, pk cdelta
What shields c albucans glucans in the non invadive form allowing homeostasis
Mannoproteins
How are phagocytes tecruited in first place
Either penetration into epi cells causing cytokine telease. Or already present under epi layer detection of hyphae penetration
Which antifungal defensisn are secreted by epi cells
B defensins
After phagocytosis attrscting neutrophils whay do neurrophils release ehich kill fungi/block
Ros and neutrophil ec traps (NETs)
What sort of cytokines allow the th17 antigungal response
Il1 b from inflammadome, il 23 and 6 from phagocytes.
Which apc are present for the th17 and th1 reslonse
Dc
What does th17 secrete which causes b defensin release
Il 22
Why are th1 important
Ifny actication of more phagocytes
What disease is correlated to deficiency in card9 or dectin 1 responses
Ibd like crohns and uc
Why
Can penetrate through yo blood stream, become systemic wnd not removed eg by phagocytes
Which commensal is reduced vs uncreased pathogenic candida in drctin1 seficiency
Sacchormyces cerevisiae
Whoch antibody telated to fungi and present in ibd
Anti s.cerevisae (ASPA)
What sort of pathognesiss does drctin1 deficiency cause eg in colitis
Erosion of mucosa, crypt disruption, infiltrstion uncontrolled inflammatory cells and tnfa in colon causes colitis??
What t crlls were reduced in colitis
Th17, th1 - showing importance of drctin1
What does card9 mutation cause
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due ti low th17
Which invasive opportunist increased also in dectin1 mutation
Aspergillusbcausing aspergillosis
What is an example of a probiotic fungi type
Sach boulardii
Which bacteria does sach boulardii protect us from
C difficile
What does s boulardii secrete which blocks tcdA and B which cause things like colitis
Proteases and phosphatases
What ab was stimulsted in profuctuon by sach boulardii which bunds and neutralises tcdA
IgA
Which article for extra reading
Erwig and gow 2016
What did erwig and gow 2016 find dc can do to maintain homeostasis
Both induce th and t regs at the same time whcih would control responses
What did erwig and gow 2016 find can bind host b1,6 glucans alloeing pahgocytosis
Complement
How is cryptococcus capsule an example of fungal evasion
Sheds the capsule which inruces il10 which stops responses to them
How does c albucans escape the phagosome (erwig and gow 2016)
Reduce the ph allowing hyphal morphogenesis
