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Mucosal Surfaces > B23- Occupational Lung Diseases > Flashcards

B23- Occupational Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What substance in buttery popcorn caused 2-3% of workers to get obliterative broncholitis

A

Diacetyl ketone

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2
Q

Nake 6 occupation lung diseases

A 
Asthma
Infection
Acute lung injury 
Interstitial lung disease
Copd 
Lung cancer (asbestos)
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3
Q

How many deaths in europe per year due to fumes or dust

A

39000

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4
Q

Why is it hard to diagnose

A

Because has a long latency period. Develops overtime

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5
Q

What is the most common old

A

Asthma

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6
Q

What % of all asthma cases

A

15

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7
Q

Give examples

A

Proteins from animals, favrics, detergents, metalic agents or chemicals can cause an asthmatic response

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8
Q

What is exacerbation at work of already caused asthma called

A

Work aggrevated asthma

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9
Q

Give 2 examples where occupation cuases risk of infrction

A

TB in healthworkers

Legionnaires disease in air ventilated areas eg schools, leisure centres

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10
Q

What are acute inhalation injuries

A

Where 1 major expsure eg to dist, gas fumes, fire cwn trigger lung injuries eg ards onset

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11
Q

Give an example

A

Bhopal disaster, isocyanate gas fumes

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12
Q

What % had resitrcitive diseases

A

13.3%

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13
Q

What is the proper name for dust diseases

A

Pneumoconiosis

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14
Q

Give 4 examples

A

Coal workers lung
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Asbestos cancer

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15
Q

Give some mineral dust examples vs organic

A

Coal, silica, asbestos

Vs

Cotton, hay

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16
Q

What is an inert response to dust

A

Where it needs to be overtime collection to have effect eg cml

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17
Q

What is a fibrous reactikn

A

Reaxtikn to fibrous dust eg asbestosis

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18
Q

Why are fibrous reactions ahrd to get rid of by immunity

A

Macrophages cant digest them

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19
Q

Five an example of an allergic response to dust

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

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20
Q

What is an example of a neoplastic effect (abnormal change eg cancer)

A

Mesothelioma (by asbestos)

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21
Q

Particles of what size are not likely to get to lower airways

A

10 um

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22
Q

What suze are small enough to diffuse wirh has across to blood

A

0.5um

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23
Q

Which particles are most dnagetous and why eg asbestos

A

1-5um because they deposit in lungs overtime and damage

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24
Q

What does parhogensis of pneumocioniosis via 1-5um dust depend on

A 
Conc of dust 
Duration of exposure
Type of dust (asbestos is worse) 
Genetic susceptibility of woker 
Other inhaled irritants
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25
Q

Which kind of dust needs to be dposited a llng time for pneumoconiosis occur

A

Inert eg coal

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26
Q

Where sre particles going after being englufed by mscrophegaes

A

Either out by mucociliaty or to lymph/blood

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27
Q

What do most reactive patticles allow

A

Killing of macrophage and subsequent release of them eg in the blood

28
Q

How does rhis cause emphysema

A

By sm ateophy and sm breakdown

29
Q

Sre these pneumoconiosis effects localised

A

Yes

30
Q

When dust builds up up to 10um forming nodules what can this cause

A

Chronic fibrosis (because of damage) and honeycombing, sitffness, hypoxia, deposition in capillaries

31
Q

What is the first stage of pneumocionsis called (not too bad)

A

Pulmonary anthracosis

32
Q

What is pulmonary anthrocosis

A

Carbon rxposure and deposition eg in smokers, urban dwellers, cw.

33
Q

What happens to the carbon/coal build ip

A

Ingested by macrophages in alveoli and deposits in connrcgive tissue or lymphatics

34
Q

Its harmeless at first but what can happen

A

Emphysema eventually at connectivr tissue/smooth muscle

35
Q

What is simple cwp and what can it cause

A

Coal laege nodules forming in lungs ans overtime causes dilation of adjacent alvoeli and centrilobulsr emphysema

(Coal also causes things like fibrosis)

36
Q

What is complicated cwp aslincalled

A

Progressive massive fibrosis

37
Q

What % of cwp ends up at pmf

A

10

38
Q

What is rhe pathogenssis of this

A

2-10cm balckened scars due to fibrosis effects of dust psrtickes building up overtime

39
Q

What is the centre of the blackened scars in pmf

A

Necrotic tissue/dead tissue

40
Q

Which dust causes silocosis

A

Crystalline silicon dioxide dust

41
Q

How mayy yesrs does it take gi develop

A

20-30 years

42
Q

How small ste they so depositied

A

1um

43
Q

Name some sources

A

Mining, quarrying , tunneling

44
Q

Is it inert

A

No. Has damaging effect such as pmf/silicosis

45
Q

What is silociss a type of

A

Pm fibrosis

46
Q

Silica is reactive enough to activate macrophages. What does this do

A

Allow macrophage release of ros and cytokines eg il1(recruits neutrohils)

47
Q

Which group in silica in macrophages xan intersct with macromolecules luke carbs,lipids and NA

A

Silanol Sioh group

48
Q

What does this do

A

Kill macrophages cussing more silica rleease and also dmaahe to epithelial/lung membrnaes

49
Q

What do these effects all have

A

Fibrogenesis

50
Q

A fibrotic nodule forms which is what

A

Finrotic matedial eg collagen and surrounding inflammatort cells (activated because silica is so reactive)

51
Q

Which article discusses silicosis more

A

Hamilton et al 2009

52
Q

Can silica produce ros itself or just induce macorphages to

A

Can produce it itself which is fibrogenic as it dsmshes epithelia

53
Q

Which inflammasome is activated by these radicals causing activation of cytokines like il1b = lmyphocyte involvemnet

A

Nalp3

54
Q

How else does silica allow t lymphocyte induction

A

Increase ag presentstikn by mscrophages and also induce migration of dc to alveoli for apc

55
Q

Where can asbestos be

A

Insulation, roofing material

56
Q

It causes diffuse ipf. Where does this start the spread

A

Respiratory bronchioles

57
Q

Where does fibrosis gradually extend to (kawabata 2019)

A

To pleura ie causing mesothelioma cancer in pleura

58
Q

Which cancer has a 5x risk due to asbestos

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

59
Q

What other thing with asbestos causes bronchogenic c

A

Smoking together

60
Q

What x risk does asbestos have on mesothelioma

A

1000x (90% of causes are asbestos)

61
Q

Where is mesothelioma tumour

A

In pleura which causes subseqeuent restirction

62
Q

Which article discusses asbestos related diseases including asbestosis

A

Kamp 2009

63
Q

What was the synergistic effect of smoking and abestos on bc

A

Dna damage and impaired fibre clearance

64
Q

What do mac execesdivelt cause when exposed to asbestos

A

Oxidatice stress ie causing fibrosis

65
Q

How do lung epithelia take up asbestos causing damage

A

Avb5 integrin

66
Q

Which pathway due to excessive ros (caused dna damage)release in asbestosis caused aec apoltosis

A

P53 pathway

Mucosal Surfaces (33 decks)

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