Knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

2 articulations of knee joint

A

Tibiofemoral (distal femur with proximal tibia) MAIN

Patellofemoral (distal femur with patella)

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2
Q

Type of joint that knee is

A

synovial

hinge (moves in 2 planes) flexion and extension

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3
Q

Stability changes in knee

A

when knee is extended = greater stability as there is a greater articulating surface (more contact between femur and tibia)

when knee is flexed - only round condyles are in contact

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4
Q

how is the knee joint supported?

A

ligaments
joint capsule
menisci

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5
Q

two menisci in knee

A

medial and lateral

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6
Q

what are menisci made of and what does this allow?

A

fibrocartilage

allows flexibility and they can change shape increasing congruity (surface contact) of the joint

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7
Q

other than increasing congruity, what is the other function of menisci?

A

Act as shock absorbers

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8
Q

Why are the medial and lateral menisci different?

A

medial menisci is connected to medial collateral ligament
medial menisci is less mobile than lateral

(lateral not attached to anything)

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9
Q

Extracapsular ligaments of knee

A

medial collateral

lateral collateral

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10
Q

Intracapsular ligaments of knee

A

anterior cruciate ligament

posterior cruciate ligament

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11
Q

where do the cruciate ligaments insert?

A

posterior - posterior tibia

anterior - anterior tibia

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12
Q

What do lateral collateral ligaments resist?

A

Varus strain (force pushing away from medial side)

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13
Q

what do medial collateral ligaments resist?

A

Valgus strain (force pushing towards medial side)

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14
Q

Bursa of the patella

A
Semimembranous 
Suprapatellar (above)
Subcutaneous prepatellar (infront)
Subcutaneous infrapatellar (below but superficial)
Deep infrapatellar (below but deep)
Subsatorial (pes anserinus)
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15
Q

Joint capsule of knee parts

A

Inner synovial membrane

Outer fibrous membrane

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16
Q

How is joint capsule strengthened medially?

A

Vastus medialis and lateralis

17
Q

How is joint capsule strengthened laterally?

A

Collateral ligaments

18
Q

How is joint capsule strengthened posteriorly?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament (semimembranosous expansion)

19
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Anterior thigh
Vastus lateralis, intermedius, medialis, rectus femoris
Function: knee extension
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon, patellar ligament
Innervation: femoral nerve

20
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: pes anserinus
Function: Knee flexion
Innervation: femoral nerve

21
Q

Hamstrings

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Function: knee flexion
Innervation: all tibial sciatic nerve (apart from short head of biceps femoris - common fibular nerve)

22
Q

Three muscles that insert onto pes anserinus

A

Sartorius
Gracillis
Semi tendonsous

(say grace after tea)

23
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: inferior ischiopubic ramus
Insertion: pes anserinus
Function: knee flexion
Innervation: obturator nerve

24
Q

What does popliteus do?

A

Unlocks the knee - allows lateral rotation of femur

Innervation: Tibial nerve

25
Q

Nerve supply of knee

A

Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve

26
Q

Blood supply of knee

A

Anastomoses of femoral and popliteal arteries

Genicular anastomoses

27
Q

Lateral collateral ligaments attach

A

Connects femoral condyles to fibula

28
Q

Medial collateral ligaments

A

connects femoral condyles to tibia

29
Q

function of patella

A

greater lever arm, adds to knee extension

30
Q

anterior cruciate ligament purpose

A

prevent anterior displacement of tibia in relation to femur

31
Q

posterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents posterior tibia displacement in relation to femur

32
Q

Anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate orientation

A

Hands in pockets - anterior

Anterior inserts onto anteriorly and medially on tibia. originates from posterior intercondylar femur

Posterior - inserts posteriorly and laterally on tibia. Originates from anterior intercondylar femur