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MSK 2023 > Dermatomes, myotomes and segmental innervation > Flashcards

Dermatomes, myotomes and segmental innervation Flashcards

1
Q

what is a neural level anatomically?

A

Each neural segment is a neural level

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2
Q

when are pairs of somites formed?

A

4th week gestation

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3
Q

What does the neural tube contain?

A

Precursor cells of nervous system

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4
Q

What does the sclerotome form?

A

Vertebrae and ribs

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5
Q

What does the dermatomyotome form?

A

Dermis and muscle

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6
Q

Two parts of somite

A

sclerotome (ventral underneath myotome)

Dermatomyotome (dorsal)

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7
Q

How do dermatomyotomes develop?

A

From somites (dorsal part)
In association with a specific neural level
Take their nerve supply with them from neural tube

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8
Q

What is the nerve associated with dermatomyotome known as?

A

Spinal nerve

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9
Q

What occurs if skin and muscle are derived from a single dermatomyotome?

A

They have a common spinal nerve supply

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10
Q

Nerve structure

A

Endoneurium (around axons)
Perineurium (around fasicle of axons)
Epineurium (around entire nerve)

(have blood vessels within to supply them)

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11
Q

What do roots do?

A

Connect each spinal nerve to a segment of spinal cord

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12
Q

What do dorsal roots contain?

A

Afferent (towards CNS)

sensory nerve fibres ONLY

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13
Q

Where are dorsal roots located?

A

Posterior of spinal cord

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14
Q

What do ventral roots contain?

A

efferent (away from CNS)

motor and autonomic nerve fibres ONLY

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15
Q

Where are ventral roots located?

A

Anterior of spinal cord

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16
Q

What does dorsal root ganglion contain?

A

Cluster of cell bodies of sensory neurons from periphery

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17
Q

What do spinal nerves contain?

A

Mixed motor and sensory nerves

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18
Q

Where are spinal nerves found?

A

Only briefly as they pass through intervertabral foramen

when dorsal root and ventral root come together

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19
Q

What does the interbvertabral foramen mark?

A

The division between CNS and PNS

20
Q

How many spinal nerves are there and how are they named?

A

31

named according to the level of vertabrae that they emerge from

21
Q

What are vertebral segments derived from?

A

Differentiate from sclerotomes

Each one derived from pair of adjacent somites (overlap)

22
Q

Where does the spinal cord run?

A

Through vertebrae foramen

known as spinal canal when they are stacked

23
Q

How do the spinal nerves leave the spinal canal?

A

Via intervertebral foramina

24
Q

where does spinal cord begin and end?

A 
inferior margin Medulla oblongata 
Conus medullaris (L2)
25
Q

are spinal cord segments in line with their vertebrae?

A

NO (vertabra is longer than cord)

26
Q

What is cauda equina?

A

Lower part of spinal canal

contains spinal nerves but not cord

27
Q

How do the roots from inferior spine exit vertebrae if they are not in line with their segment?

A

Long roots from inferior spinal cord often have to descend down into cauda equina and exit at their intervertabral foramina

28
Q

Where does the first spinal nerve emerge?

A

Cervical nerves

C1 (between occipital bone and atlas)

29
Q

where do C1 - C7 spinal nerves emerge?

A

Above their corresponding vertebrae

30
Q

Where does C8 spinal nerve emerge?

A

Between C7 and T1

31
Q

Where do T1 and L5 spinal nerves exit?

A

Below their corresponding verterbrae

32
Q

where do s1-s4 nerves exit?

A

Sacral bones are fused together

Exit via 4 pairs of sacral foramina

33
Q

Where do S5 and Co1 exit?

A

Sacral hiatus

34
Q

What are rami?

A

Mixed spinal nerves divide into them

35
Q

Branches of spinal nerve

A

Dorsal rami
Ventral rami
Rami communicantes
Meningeal branch

36
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

Posterior and small

Supplies deep muscles of skin and dorsal trunk

37
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Anterior and larger

Supplies muscles and the skin of upper and lower limbs and lateral and ventral trunk

38
Q

Meningeal branch

A

Re-enters spinal canal through intervertebral foramina

Supplies vertebrae, ligaments, blood vessels and meninges

39
Q

Rami communicantes

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system

40
Q

Grey rami communicantes

A

Contains unmyelinated post ganglionic nerve fibres
Travels from a sympathetic ganglion to adjacent spinal nerve
Supply the periphery
ALL SPINAL NERVES RECIEVE

41
Q

White rami communicantes

A

Myelinated
Come off between T1 and L2
Preganglionic nerve fibres of sympathetic system
Connects spinal cord to sympathetic chain

42
Q

What do the dorsal/posterior rami do?

A

Divide into medial and lateral branches

Supply the skin of the back

43
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

44
Q

What do the ventral/anterior rami do?

A

Complicated

Enter plexuses to supply limbs

45
Q

Junction on anterior chest dermatome

A

C4 and T2 (T1 supplies upper limbs instead)

46
Q

Learn dermatome map ella

A

LEARN ITTT (Foerester map)

47
Q

Key sections dermatome map:

A

T4/T5 - nipples
T10 - umbilicus
L1 - Groin

MSK 2023 (55 decks)

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